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CCHS SBB > Genetics And Molecular > Flashcards

Genetics And Molecular Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosome other than sex chromosomes

A

Autosome

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2
Q

Small segment of DNA that contains genetic information necessary to construct a protein or part of a protein

A

Gene

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3
Q

Alternate form for a gene; one or two or more different genes that may occupy a specific locus on a chromosome

A

Allele

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4
Q

Position of a gene on a chromosome

A

Locus

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5
Q

Alleles on the same chromosome

A

Cis position

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6
Q

Alleles on opposite chromosomes

A

Trans position

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7
Q

Normal number of chromosomes in zygote and all body cells

A

46 (diploid)

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8
Q

Normal number of chromosomes in gametes (Sex cells)

A

23 (haploid)

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9
Q

Cell division that leads to 2 identical cells that have the same number of paired chromosomes

A

Mitosis

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10
Q

Mitosis occurs in which cells??

A

Somatic cells

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11
Q

Cell division that occurs when gametes are formed and will not have pairs of chromosomes

A

Meiosis

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12
Q

Mitosis produces how many daughter cells

A

2

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13
Q

Gametes are haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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14
Q

5 cell stages

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Telophase
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15
Q

Stage between cell divisions where cell is not actively dividing but engaged in metabolic activity

A

Interphase

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16
Q

Both alleles are equally strong and product of both alleles is observable as an inherited trait

A

Co-dominant inheritance

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17
Q

Most blood group system alleles follow what type of inheritance?

A

Co-dominant

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18
Q

Inheritance of identical alleles at a given locus on both chromosomes

A

Homozygous

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19
Q

Inheritance of different alleles at a given locus on both chromosomes

A

Heterozygous

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20
Q

Silent gene; gene is present but does not result in production of detectable product

A

Amorph

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21
Q

Inheritance of only one member of a chromosome pair or chromosome segment rather than the usual 2

A

Hemizygous

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22
Q

Antigens of ABO blood group are carbohydrates or proteins?

A

Carbohydrates

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23
Q

Antigens of Rh blood group are carbohydrates or proteins?

A

Proteins

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24
Q

Blood group antigen proteins that have complement regulatory functions

A

Complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35: Knops antigens)

Decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55: Cramer antigens)

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25
Q

Blood group antigens that serves as anion transporter

A

Diego and Wright

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26
Q

Blood group antigen that serves as water channel transporter

A

Colton

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27
Q

Blood group antigen that serves as urea transporter

A

Kidd

28
Q

Blood group antigen that resides on chemokine receptor

A

Duffy

29
Q

Blood group antigen that resides on hyaluron receptor

A

Indian

30
Q

Genetic makeup of an individual

A

Genotype

31
Q

Outward expression of genes/observable traits

A

Phenotype

32
Q

Difference in antigen density manifested by antibodies giving stronger reactions with cells that have double dose of antigen

A

Dosage

33
Q

Blood groups that demonstrate dosage

A

Rh
Duffy
MNSs
Kidd

34
Q

Event that leads to production of altered gene or new gene that did not exist in biological parents

A

Mutation

35
Q

2 or more alleles at a single locus

A

Polymorphism

36
Q

Polymorphism common in what blood group systems?

A

ABO and HLA

37
Q

Physical association between 2 genes that are located on same chromosome

A

Linkage

38
Q

Closely linked genes inherited together

A

Haplotype

39
Q

Blood group systems exhibiting linkage

A

Secretor and Lutheran genes on same chromosome
HLA
D gene closely linked to Cc and Ee genes
MNSs

40
Q

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

A

P+q=1

P^2 + 2pq +q^2 = 1

41
Q

Square on pedigree chart

A

Male

42
Q

Circle on pedigree chart

A

Female

43
Q

Child inherited a genetic marker that is not found in mother or alleged father

A

Direct exclusion

44
Q

Example of direct exclusion

A

Mother who types A and alleged father who types O have a child who types B

45
Q

Child lacks a genetic marker that the father should have transmitted to all his offspring

A

Indirect exclusion

46
Q

Example of indirect exclusion

A

Mother who types CC and alleged father who types cc have child who types CC

47
Q

Inheritance that is not sex-linked; trait appears in every generation

A

Autosomal dominant

48
Q

Inheritance pattern that affects both male and female at the same rate

A

Autosomal dominant

49
Q

Inheritance pattern transmitted by average person to half of his/her children on average

A

Autosomal dominant

50
Q

Inheritance pattern in which unaffected persons do not transmit trait to their children

A

Autosomal dominant

51
Q

Inheritance pattern that is not sex-linked, trait appears in siblings but not their parents or offspring

A

Autosomal recessive

52
Q

Inheritance pattern in which both parents are recessive for trait

A

Autosomal recessive

53
Q

Inheritance pattern in which trait appears only in siblings

A

Autosomal recessive

54
Q

Autosomal recessive affect on male and female

A

Same rate

55
Q

Inheritance pattern in which trait resides on X chromosome and males and females are affected

A

X-linked dominant

56
Q

Affected males in X-linked dominant will transmit trait to which of their offspring?

A

All of their daughters

None of their sons

57
Q

Affected females of X-linked dominant trait who are heterozygous will transmit condition to which of their offspring?

A

Half of their children of either sex

58
Q

Affected females of X-linked dominant trait who are homozygous transmit condition to which of their offspring?

A

All of their children

59
Q

Inheritance pattern in which trait resides on X chromosome, males and homologous females affected

A

X-linked recessive

60
Q

Inheritance pattern in which incidence of trait is much higher in males than in females?

A

X-linked recessive

61
Q

Inheritance pattern in which trait is passed from affected man through all his daughters to half of their sons

A

X-linked recessive

62
Q

Inheritance pattern in which trait is never transmitted directly from father to son

A

X-linked recessive

63
Q

Inheritance pattern in which trait is transmitted through female carriers

A

X-linked recessive

64
Q

Inheritance pattern in which trait resides on Y chromosome, only males affected

A

Y-linked

65
Q

Inheritance pattern in which trait is transmitted only from father to son with all sons affected

A

Y-linked

CCHS SBB (40 decks)

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