Polyagglutination

Question 1

polyagglutination

Answer 1

red blood cells that agglutinate in the presence of virtually all adult serum

Question 2

polyagglutination cause

Answer 2

altered red blood cells exposing an antigen that is normally hidden from the immune system

Question 3

classifications of polyagglutination

Answer 3

microbial and non-microbial

Question 4

microbial polyagglutination examples

Answer 4

T, Th, Tk, Tx, acquired B, VA

Question 5

non-microbial polyagglutination examples

Answer 5

Tn, Cad, HEMPAS, hemoglobin M

Question 6

microbial polyagglutation cause

Answer 6

bacterial enzymes removing carbohydrates normally present on red cells and exposing new antigens

Question 7

non-microbial polyagglutination cause

Answer 7

abnormal synthesis of red blood cell membrane structures

Question 8

T polyagglutination/T activation

Answer 8

neuraminidase action cleaves N-acetylneuraminic acid residues terminally from RBC membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins, causing subterminal T receptor to be exposed. Binds with IgM anti-T

Question 9

Th polyagglutination

Answer 9

incomplete or intermediate form of T activation; weakened expression or early form of T polyagglutination

Question 10

bacteria involved in Th polyagglutination

Answer 10

Bacteroides, Clostridia, E. coli, Proteus

Question 11

bacteria involved in T polyagglutination

Answer 11

Clostridium perfringens, pneumococci, Vibrio cholerae, flu virus

Question 12

Tk polyagglutination

Answer 12

microbial beta-galactosidases cleave a galactose residue from para-globoside, exposing N-acetylglucosamine

Question 13

polyagglutination associated with kids with pneumococcal infections

Answer 13

Tk

Question 14

bacteria involved in Tk polyagglutination

Answer 14

Bacteroides fragilis, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Serratia

Question 15

polyagglutination that results in altered expression of ABH, Ii, Lewis, P1 antigens

Answer 15

Tk

Question 16

Tx polyagglutination

Answer 16

caused by unidentified bacteria, seen in kids with pneumococcal infections, mechanism not fully understood

Question 17

polyagglutination in which H antigens are depressed significantly

Answer 17

VA

Question 18

Tn polyagglutination

Answer 18

caused by somatic mutation in faulty hematopoietic stem cell clone

Question 19

polyagglutination associated with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemia

Answer 19

Tn

Question 20

polyagglutination with mixed field agglutination

Answer 20

Tn

Question 21

polyagglutination that results in incomplete structure on MN antigen

Answer 21

Tn

Question 22

inherited permanent polyagglutination forms

Answer 22

HEMPAS, Cad, NOR, hemoglobin M-Hyde Park

Question 23

HEMPAS

Answer 23

hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with positive acidified serum

Question 24

polyagglutination with increased amounts of I and i antigens, decreased H antigen

Answer 24

HEMPAS

Question 25

polyagglutination with increased susceptibility for complement lysis

Answer 25

HEMPAS

Question 26

positive acidified serum test confirms presence of ___ polyagglutination

Answer 26

HEMPAS

Question 27

polyagglutination that has considerable resistance to Plasmodium falciparum invasion

Answer 27

Cad

Question 28

polyagglutination agglutinated by anti-Sda

Answer 28

Cad

Question 29

polyagglutination with positive reaction to Dolichos biflorus lectin

Answer 29

Cad

Question 30

polyagglutination associated with P blood group system

Answer 30

NOR

Question 31

inherited form of polyagglutination that has been identified in South African families

Answer 31

hemoglobin M-Hyde Park

Question 32

cause of Hemoglobin M-Hyde Park polyagglutination

Answer 32

reduction in sialylation of O-linked oligosaccharide chains on membrane components of M-Hyde Park; heterogeneity of the molecular size of SGP's

Question 33

why is polyagglutination no longer seem in routing blood banking?

Answer 33

monoclonal antisera replaced human ABO forward typing reagents and antiglobulin reagents; lack naturally occurring polyagglutinins that are found in human adult serum

Question 34

transfusion protocols for T-activated polyagglutination patients

Answer 34

washed or plasma reduced red cells and platelets, low anti-T titer plasma

Question 35

enzyme treatment of polyagglutinable cells

Answer 35

Tk, Cad, NOR enhanced Th, Tn destroyed T, VA, HEMPAS not affected

Question 36

polyagglutination should be suspected if:

Answer 36

agglutination with group AB adult sera no agglutination with cord sera no agglutination with patient's own serum negative direct Coombs