Genital/Reproductive System

Question 1

Female - Estrogen - RED FLAGS

Answer 1

Estrogen dec rate of bone resorption - OP and risk of fx inc dramatically after menopause
Estogen inc production of thyroid and inc high density lipoproteins - heart disease and stroke risk inc after menopause

Question 2

Normal pregnancy weight gain

Answer 2

20-30 pounds

Question 3

PTs teaching childbirth education classes - includes what

Answer 3

breathing management
relaxation training
education

Question 4

Common changes with pregnancy

Answer 4

Postural changes - kyphosis and scap protraction, cervical lordosis/forward head, lumbar lordosis
Balance changes - COG shifts forward
Ligamentous laxity
Mm weakness - pelvic floor and abdominals
Urinary changes - increased freq
Resp = might experience dyspnea
Cardio - inc blood volume, venous pressure, HR, CO, dec BP
Altered thermoregulation - inc heat production and basal metabolic rate

Question 5

Pregnancy related pathologies - Diastasis Recti abdominis is what

Answer 5

lateral separation or split of the rectus abdominis
separation from midline (linea alba) greater than 2cm is significant - associated with loss of abrominal wall support, inc back pain

Question 6

Pregnancy related pathologies - Diastasis Recti abdominis - PT interventions

Answer 6

Teach protection of abdominal musculature - avoid abdominal exercises
Resume abdominal exercises once separation is less than 2 cm

Question 7

Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - results from

Answer 7

overstretching during pregnancy and childbirth

Can result in partial or total organ prolapse with further loss of elasticity and mm tone

Question 8

Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - prolapse - Cystocele

Answer 8

Herniation of the bladder into the vagina

Question 9

Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - Rectocele

Answer 9

Herniation of the rectum into the vagina

Question 10

Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - Uterine prolapse

Answer 10

The bulging of he uterus into the vagina

Question 11

Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - RED FLAGS - pain can radiate to where

Answer 11

down posterior thigh

Question 12

Pregnancy related pathologies - Pelvic floor disorders - PT intervention

Answer 12

Observe urinary frequency and urgency, low back and perineal pain
Strengthen PC muscles
Postural education and muscle re-ed

Question 13

Pregnancy related pathologies - low back and pelvic pain - PT interventions

Answer 13

Teach proper body mechanics
Balance rest with activity
Emphasize use of a firm mattress
Massage, modalities for pain (no deep heat)

Question 14

Pregnancy related pathologies - SIJ dysfunction - PT interventions

Answer 14

External stabilization

avoid single limb WB

Question 15

Pregnancy related pathologies - Varicose veins - PT intervention

Answer 15

Elevate extremeties
Avoid crossing legs
Use of elastic support stockings might help

Question 16

Pregnancy related pathologies - Preeclampsia is what

Answer 16

pregnancy induced acute hypertension after the 24th wk of gestation

Question 17

Pregnancy related pathologies - Ceserean childbirth -PT interventions

Answer 17

postoperative TENS for incisional pain
Prevent postsurgical pulmonary complications
Exercises - gentle abdominal exercises, pelvic floor strengthening
Precautions with heavy lifting for 4-6 wks

Question 18

Disorders of the female reproductive system - Endometriosis is characterized by what

Answer 18

Ectopic growth and function of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

Question 19

Disorders of the female reproductive system - Endometriosis - common sites

Answer 19

Common sites include ovaries, fallopian tubes, broad ligament, uterosacral ligaments, pelvis, vagina, intestines

Question 20

Disorders of the female reproductive system - Endometriosis - symptoms

Answer 20

pain
dysmenorrhea
dyspareunia (pain with sex)
infertility

Question 21

Disorders of the female reproductive system - Endometriosis - RED FLAGS

Answer 21

pt may complain of back pain

Question 22

Disorders of the female reproductive system - Pelvic inflammatory disease is what

Answer 22

an inflammation of the upper reproductive tract involving the uterus (endometritis) fallopian tubes (salpingitis) or ovaries (oophoritis)

Question 23

Disorders of the female reproductive system - Pelvic inflammatory disease - caused by

Answer 23

polymicrobial agent that ascends through endocervical canal

Question 24

Disorders of the female reproductive system - Pelvic inflammatory disease - symptoms

Answer 24

lower abdominal pain usually starts after menstrual cycle
purulent cervical discharge
painful cervix
fever - elevated WBC, icnreased ESR

Question 25

Disorders of the female reproductive system - Pelvic inflammatory disease - complications

Answer 25

``` pelvic adhesions infertility ectopic pregnancy chronic pain abscess ```

Question 26

Male - what prepares sperm for ejaculation

Answer 26

accessory glands (seminal vesciles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands)

Question 27

Male - the ductal system

Answer 27

epididymides, vas deferens, and ejaculatory ducts - stores and transports sperm

Question 28

Male - urethra functions in

Answer 28

elimination of urine and semen

Question 29

Male - FSH initiates

Answer 29

spermatogenesis

Question 30

Male - LH regulates

Answer 30

testosterone production

Question 31

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - impotence is what

Answer 31

the inability to achieve and maintain erection for sexual intercourse

Question 32

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - organic causes - Neurogenic

Answer 32

``` Stroke Cerebral trauma SCI MS Parkinsons ```

Question 33

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - organic causes - Hormonal

Answer 33

Dec androgen levels with hypogonadism hypothyroidism hypopituitarism

Question 34

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - organic causes - Vascular

Answer 34

``` hypertension coronary heart disease hyperlipidemia cigarette smoking DM pelvic irradiation ```

Question 35

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - organic causes - Drug induced

Answer 35

``` Antidepressants Antipsychotics Antiandrogens Antihypertensives Amphetamines Alcohol ```

Question 36

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Erectile dysfunction (ED) - surgical causes

Answer 36

Transurethral procedures Radical prostatectomy Proctocolectomy Abdominoperineal resection

Question 37

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis is what

Answer 37

infection and inflammation of the prostate gland

Question 38

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types

Answer 38

acute bacterial chronic nonbacterial

Question 39

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types - acute bacterial

Answer 39

involves UTI and is associated with catheterization and multiple sex partners sx - urinary freq, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, urethral discharge, fever, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, pain

Question 40

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types - acute bacterial - RED FLAG

Answer 40

Dull, aching pain may be found in lower abdominal, rectal, low back, sacral or groin regions

Question 41

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types - chronic

Answer 41

can also be bacterial in origin and is associated with recurrent UTIs Sx - urinary freq with urgency, myalgia, arthralgia, pain in low back or perineal region

Question 42

Disorders of the male reproductive system - Prostatitis - types - nonbacterial

Answer 42

produces pain the penis, testicles, and scrotum painful ejactulation, low back pain or pain in inner thighs urinary symptoms, dec libido, and impotence