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Path E3 > Genito > Flashcards

Genito Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypospadias

A

Opening along the ventral aspect of the penis

Can be constrictive restuling in increased UT infection

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2
Q

Epispadias

A

Less common opening along the dorsal aspect of the penis

UT obstruction
Urinary incontinence

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3
Q

Penile Squamous cell carcinoma

A

.4% of male cancers

Uncircumcised men over age 40
Associated with HPV 16/18 infection
Often preced by premalignant lesion, red/white plaque

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4
Q

Bowen Disease

A

Carcinoma in situ

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5
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma is rare n male when

A

Circumcised early in life

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6
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma (penile) can metastise to

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

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7
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Incomplete descent of the testis from the abdomen of the scrotum

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8
Q

Crytporchidism may lead to

A

Sterility

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9
Q

Cryptorchidism can lead to a ________ increased risk of testicular cancer

A

3-5 fold

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10
Q

Cytprochidism ______ develops within the _____tubules

A

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia

Atrophic tubules

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11
Q

Orchiepexy

A

Reduces risk of sterility and cancer

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12
Q

2 common inflammatory lesions of the testis

A

Epididymitits

Orchitis (testis proper)

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13
Q

Inflammatory lesions of the testes often associated with ______ or a complication from ______

A

STD

UTI

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14
Q

Torsion

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord

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15
Q

Torsion can lead to obstruction of

A

Venous drainage resulting in rapid intense vascular engorgement

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16
Q

Bell clapper deformity

A

Tunica vaginalis forms bell shape over testis

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17
Q

Testicular neoplasms peak incidence

A

15-34

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18
Q

Most common cause of painless testicular enlargement

A

Testicular neoplasms

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19
Q

95% of testicular neoplasm arise from

A

Germ cells; malignant

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20
Q

5% of testicular neoplasm arise from

A

Arise from sertoli or Leydic cells; generally benign

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21
Q

Germ cell tumors are divided into 2 groups

A

Seminomas

Nonseminomatous

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22
Q

Seminomas arise from

A

Epithelium of the seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

Non-seminomatous tumors

A

Several types tend to spread early via lymphatic and BV

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24
Q

Non-seminomatous tumor markers

A

AFP (a-fetoprotein)

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

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25
Prostatitis
Prostate enlarged and tender Minority cases associated with UTI
26
Nodular Hyperplasia of the prostate generally affects the
Inner perimeter all zone of the prostate and compresses the prosaic urethra
27
Nodular hyperplasia of the prostate ______ and ______ proliferation results in. Enlargement +/- urinary obstruction
Stromal | Glandular
28
Nodular hyperplasia is extremely common and presents as
Hesitancy Urgency Nocturnal Poor urinary stream
29
Nodular hyperplasia Treatment
Medical management -drugs | Surgical management -TURP
30
TURP
Transurethral resection of the prostate
31
Adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Most common cancer of men over 50 Metastasis possible Low death rate
32
Carcinoma of the prostate most commonly arise in
The outer glands of the prostate; palatable by digital rectal exam
33
Elevated serum _______ useful in diagnosis/management of carcinoma of prostate
Prostate specific antigen PSA However, elevated serum levels can be due to non-neoplasticism conditions
34
Bladder cancer majority are
Urothelial carcinoma Most common in men Painless hematuria
35
Bladder cancer tumor cells ____ to be detected
She’d into urine to be detect via cytology
36
Risk factors for bladder cancer
Cigarette smoking Chronic cystitis Infection with schistomasisois Exposure to various caringogens
37
Urothelial carcinoma
Transurethral resection | Immunotherapy radical cystectomy
38
Urothelial prognosis
Dependent on tumor grade and stage
39
Most common STI
Genital herpes | Genital HPV infection
40
Syphilis caused by
Chronic infection of treponema pallidum
41
Syphilis transmission
By direct contact with cutaneous or mucosal lesion during early stages; highly infectious
42
Primary syphilis ——> Secondary—>tertiary
Chancre Palmar rash Lymphadenopathy Condyloma latum Neuro Aortitis Gummas
43
Primary Syphilis
Painless ulcer - chancre develops at site of inoculation 9-90 days after initial infection
44
Primarily syphilis resolves
Spontaneous in 4-6 weeks 25% develop secondary disease
45
Secondary Syphilis
Occurs within 2 months following resolution of primary chancre
46
Secondary syphilis characterized by
Maculopapular rash affecting skin (palms, soles) Condylomata Lata and mucous patches
47
Secondary syphilis resolves
Spontaneous over several weeks and enters the latent phase 1/3 of patients develop tertiary syphilis in 5-20 years
48
Tertiary syphilis
Aoritis-Cardiovasulcar syphilis Neurosyphilis-involvement of the brain meninges and spinal cord Gummas-focal granulomas Osu lesions develop in bone, skin, and mucous membranes of the upper airway and mouth
49
Congenital syphilis has 3 patterns : transmission across the placent
Stillbirth Infantile syphilis Late congenital syphilis
50
Hutchison’s triad
1) Hutchinson’s teeth (notched incisors mulberry molars) 2) Interstitial keratitis (corneal inflammation possibly blind) 3) Eight cranial nerve deafness
51
Infantile syphilis
Live born infants with clinical manifestations similar to SECONDARY syphilis at birth or first few months of life
52
Screening for Syphilis
RPR-rapid plasma reagin VDRL-Ventral disease research laboratory Often negative in early stages 15% false positives
53
Specific syphilis test
FTA Fluorescent treponema antibody Remains positive indefinitely even after treatment
54
Gonorrhea caused by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
55
Gonorrhea proves an
Intense suppurations inflammatory reaction
56
Gonorrhea asymptomatic
Males 40% | Females 80%
57
Gonorrhea diagnosis
Can be made by culture Traditionally treated by penicillin
58
Untreated Gonorrhea can lead to
Sterility
59
Gonorrhea ascending infection result in male
Acute prostatits Epididymitis Orchitis
60
Gonorrhea ascending infection result in female
Inflammation of the uterus Fallopian tubes and ovaries -with secondary scarring: Pelvi inflammatory disease
61
gonococci ophthalmia neonatorum
Infant blindness from gonococci cantimation at birth
62
No gonococci urethritis and certificates
Most common of STDS respectable to CDC Chlamydia trachomatis
63
Chlamydia trachomatis is clinically
Similar to Gonorrhea
64
Chlamydia is often recognized by
President disease following antibiotic treatment for suspected gonorrhea
65
Gonorrhea and chlamydia treatment
Ceftriaxone and doxycycline
66
Complication of chlamydia
Reactive arthritis
67
Reactive arthritis
Immune mediated condition that develops in response to genitoruinary or GI infections may be complication of C. Trachomatis infection
68
Reactive arthritis may be seen in combination with
Urthetirs cervicitis conjunctivitis and mucoscutanous lesions
69
Genital Herpes Simplex most caused by
HSV-2 Less commonly HSV-1
70
Herpes: Initial infection
Asymptomatic vs painful mucocutaneous eruptions with lymphadenopathy and malaise
71
Herpes: Recurrent Lesions
Are small painful vesicles that quickly ulcerate Heal in 7-10 days HSV actively shed during periods of clinically visible lesions
72
Neonatal herpes
Occurs in children born to mothers with genital herpes High mortality
73
Tzanck Cells
Genital herpes simplex Viral Cytopathic effect Ballooning degeneration of epithelial cells with large multinucleated
74
Human Papillomavirus Infection
Extremely common STD Responsible for a number of proiliferative lesions on the genital mucosa Most common: Condyloma acuminatum
75
Condyloma Acuminatum
Venereal warts HPV 6 11 Benign papillary nodules frequently in clusters Can become malignant Can transfer to fetus
76
Condyloma acuminatum: Koilocytic change
Papilla proliferation of squamous epithelium
77
Condyloma acuminatum
Surgical excision laser treatment cryotherapy | Imiquimod

Path E3 (8 decks)

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