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Path E3 > Musculoskelatal > Flashcards

Musculoskelatal Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Skeleton turnovers __ per year

A

10%

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2
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta aka

A

Brittle bones

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3
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecata is a group of bone disorders with abnormal

A

Synthesis of type I collagen

Skeletal fragility

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4
Q

Osteo. Imperfecta moats are autosomal ___

A

Dominant

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5
Q

Osteo. Imperfecta teeth might look

A

Opalescent teeth

Dentinogensis very similar

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6
Q

Osteo. Imperfecta sclera

A

Blue

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7
Q

Prognosis of Osteo. Imperfecta depends on

A

Type and expression of the gene

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8
Q

Osteopetrosis aka

A

Marble bone disease

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9
Q

Osteopetrosis is a group of

A

Rare hereditary bone distorted with defective bone remodeling

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10
Q

Osteopetrosis is a dysfunction of

A

Osteolclast

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11
Q

Osteopetrosis affected bone

A

Is dense but structurally unsound and weake

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12
Q

Osteopetrosis prone to

A

Fractures and infections

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13
Q

Osteopetrosis can cause narrowing of

A

Cranial formanina

Leading to blindness deafness

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14
Q

Osteopetrosis can undergo bone marrow transplant which

A

Can repopulate functional osteoclasts

-derived from monocytes precursors

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15
Q

Osteoporosis is an increased

A

Porosity of the skeleton resulting from reduced bone mass

—> increased bone fragility

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16
Q

Osteoporosis affect

A

Postmeno females—-> reduced estrogen

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17
Q

______% of women sustain fractures by age 65

A

25%

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18
Q

___% females sustain fractures by 90

A

50%

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19
Q

Osteoporosis is an imbalance of

A

Favor is in osteoclasts

Reduced osteoblasts activity

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20
Q

Peak bone mass

A

Genetic factors
Physical activity
Nutrition

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21
Q

Menopause

A

Decreased estrogen

Increased IL1 IL6 TNF levels

Increased expression of RANK, RANKL

Increased osteoclast activity

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22
Q

Aging

A

Decreased replicative activity of osteoprogentior cells
Decreased synthetic activity of Ob

Decreased biologic activity of matrix bound growth factors

Reduced physical activity

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23
Q

Most common osteoporosis sites

A

Vertebral bodies
Pelvis
Femoral neck
Other weight bearing bones

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24
Q

Osteoporosis may lead to

A

Kyphoscoliosis and subsequent reduced respiratory function

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25
Osteoporosis diagnosis
Dual X-ray absoprotometry | DEXA scan
26
Osteoporosis treatment
``` Diet and exercise Calcium and VIt D supplement Bisphosphonates Hormone therapy Monoclonal Ab ```
27
Pagets Disease of Bone abnormal
Dense bone formation whic is structurally weak and prone to fracture
28
Pagets Disease usually affects
Multiple bone (85% polyostotic)
29
Pagets Disease usually affects who
Adults> 40 Paramyxovirus infection suspected
30
Pagets Disease usually asymptomatic but
``` Bone enlargement Fractures Pain Cranial nerve compression Bowing of legs ```
31
Pagets Disease 3 Phases
Osteolytic Phase Mixed Phase Osteosclerotic Phase
32
Pagets Disease Treatment
Calcitonin, bisphosphonates | Analgesics for bone pain
33
Bone is Pagets Disease has a ______appearance
Mosaic Very random placement of bone
34
Hyperparathyroidism inappropriate secretion of
PTH
35
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Due to parathyroid hyperplasia adenoma or carcinoma more severe but less common
36
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Leads to poor calcium retention and lowered viatamine D metabolism common complication of end stage renal disease of vitamin deficiency
37
Which Hyperparathyroidism is less common and more severe
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
38
Actions of PTH
Osteoclastic activation Increased Ca resorption by kidneys Increased VIt D synthesis (kidney) promoting Ca absorption from gut
39
All actions of PTH work to
Increase serum Ca
40
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
Cyst like brown tumors of bone
41
Hyperparathyroidism Treatment for primary
Remove affected gland/tumor
42
Hyperparathyroidism Treatment for secondary
Renal transplant VIt D supplementation
43
Osteomyelitis
Infection of bone and marrow Usually bacterial
44
Osteomyelitis colonize bone through 3 ways
Hematogenous spread Contiguous i infraction Implantation following fracture or surgery
45
Hematgoenous spread
Staph aureus
46
Contiguous infection
Odontogenic infection
47
Osteomyelitis assocaited with
Pain/tenderness, possible overlying erythema or swelling
48
Chronic Osteomyelitis
Non-vital bone Surround by rim of new bone (involucrum)
49
Osteomyelitis treatment
Drainage, antibiotics, +/- surgical debridement
50
Fibrous Dysplasia is replacement
Of normal bone by fibrous CT and abnormal bony trabeculae
51
Fibrous Dysplasia usually affects
Adolescents young adults
52
Fibrous Dysplasia can be _____ or ______
Monostotic | Polystotic
53
Fibrous Dysplasia polyostotic Disease often associated with ____ and ____
Cafe-au-Liat spots | Endocrine disorders
54
Jaffa-lichenstein syndrome
Cafe-au-Lait
55
McCune-Albright Syndrome
Cafe-au-Lait and endocrine disorders
56
Fibrous Dysplasia can have a ____appearance
Ground glass | Ill defined radiolucency
57
Fibrous Dysplasia Treatment
Observation Anti-restorative therapy Surgical reduction
58
Fibrous Dysplasia after puberty
Usually arrests once plates close Should wait if before puberty because growth can still continue
59
Osteosarcoma _____malignancy that produces ________ and _____
Mesenchymal Osteoid Bone
60
Osteosarcoma is the most common
PRIMARY malignant bone tumor
61
Osteosarcoma usually affects
Patients under 20; average 18
62
Osteosarcoma patients will have
Pain and swelling of affected bone
63
Osteosarcoma lesions are
Mixed Will be calcified
64
Codmans triangle
Often seen on long bones partly tumor partly reaction of periosteum to tumor
65
Starburst
Radiating trabecular enlarging size of bone. Late stage and very painful
66
Osteosarcoma diagnosis
Histology evidence of direct production of steroid by malignant mesenchymal cells
67
Osteosarcoma treatment
Surgery and chemotherapy
68
Osteosarcoma prognosis
60-70% 5 year
69
Osteoarthritis aka
Degenerative joint disease
70
Osteoarthritis age related
Over 50
71
Osteoarthritis stems from
degeneration of articular cartilage -bone changes are secondary
72
Osteoarthritis _____ play a major role
Mechanical stresses
73
Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune disease | Affects women more than men
74
Osteoarthritis symptoms
After 50 Creptius & joint stiffness Deep, aching pain Pain, deformity and limitation of motion develop late
75
Osteoarthritis Treatment
``` NSAIDs Intrajoint hyualruonic acid Cortisone shots Physical therapy Joint replacement ```
76
Gout accumulation
Uric acid accumulation
77
Gout results in
Episodic acute arthritis Tophus formation Kidney damage
78
Gout usually affects
Adult males, great toe (90%)
79
Tophi
Sodium urate deposits
80
Gout food that has a lot of
Pyrines | Meat seafood etc
81
Gout Treatment
Diet modification (no beer reduce red meat) NSAIDs, corticosteroids, colchicine, allopurinol
82
Muscular Dystrophy a heterogenous group of
Heritable diseases with spontaneous progressive degeneration of muscle fibers
83
Duchenne MD
X-linked condition
84
Duchenne MD absence of
Dystrophin, key structural protein in skeletal and cardiac muscle
85
Muscular Dystrophy symptoms usually begin by
Ages 3-5
86
Muscular dystrophy weakness of
Pelvic and shoulder areas, progressive atrophy and deterioration of muscle
87
Muscular dystrophy Treatment
None Most patients in wheelchair by early teens and die before age 30 of diseases related complication
88
Myasthenia gravis is an acquired
Autoimmune disease
89
Myasthenia gravis autoAb production to
AChR | —> leads to muscle weakness/fatiguability
90
Myasthenia gravis usually affects
Females; any age; onset often insidious
91
Myasthenia gravis problems with
Eye muscles and muscles of mastication Amy be initial presentation
92
Myasthenia gravis weakness worsens
With repeated contractions, symptoms worse later in day
93
Myasthenia gravis Treatment
Cholinesterase inhibitors (improves transmission) Immunosuppressive Thymectomy may induce remission Spontaneous remission in some cases
94
Myasthenia gravis prognosis
Good Respiratory compromise was a past major cause of death 5 year 95% survival

Path E3 (8 decks)

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