Flashcards in Genitourinary Tract Imaging Deck (53)
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1
MC cause of renovascular HTN
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- followed by FMD(Fibromuscular Dysplasia);
string of pearl sign in the arteries (common FMD finding)
2
Adrenal Adenomas vs Adrenal Mets
Adenomas - Early contrast washout
Mets - Slow contrast washout
3
In color Doppler UTZ, until what renal artery segment can it detect?
ARCUATE ARTERY
4
Clinical Triad of Tuberous Sclerosis (TS)?
"MEA-TS"
1. Mental retardation
2. Epilepsy
3. facial Angiofibroma
5
MC common renal fusion anomaly?
"I'MA be 'gon Horseback riding"
HORSESHOE KIDNEY
- ascent is prevented by the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
6
DIAGNOSIS?
CT: central stellate scar
Angiography: spoke wheel pattern of vessels
RENAL ONCOCYTOMA
7
MC renal mass?
Simple Renal Cyst
8
Most common renal pelvic tumor (mostly malignant)?
TRANSITIONAL CELL CA
9
MC Primary tumor site producing solid renal mets
LUNG CA
10
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Triad
(BEAR PAW SIGN)
"X General Practitioner SCaM"
1. Staghorn Calculus
2. Absent or diminished excretion of contrast medium
3. poorly defined renal Mass
11
Most common bacterial infection involving kidney?
ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS
12
Potter's syndrome
Bilateral renal AGENESIS
13
Putty Kidney
Renal TB
14
MC cause of Chronic Pyelonephritis
In children? In adults?
In children: VUR
In Adults: calculi and chronic obstruction
15
Most frequent site of extrapulmonary TB?
URINARY TRACT
16
Primary cause of renal failure in HIV Patients?
HIV Nephropathy
17
***RENAL STONES***
1. Staghorn calculi stones?
2. Stones which recurs quickly ("RUSH")?
3. MC renal stones (give 2).
4. Give the three Radiolucent stones on conventional films
5. Type of stones in Congenital Cystinuria
1. Struvite
2. bRUSHite
3. CaOx and CaPO4
4. Uric Acid, Xanthine, and Indinavir
5. Cystine
18
WEIGERT-MEYER RULE
"UO" or "Urine Output"
(Drooping lily sign)
Upper Pole moiety: Obstructs (ends as a ureterocoele)
- inferomedial insertion
Lower pole moiety: Refluxes (Drooping lily sign)
19
Carney’s Triad?
"CLaP"
1. pulmonary Chondroma
2. gastric Leiomyosarcoma
3. functioning extra-Adrenal Pheochromocytoma
20
Most common primary renal malignancy?
RCC (clear cell type)
- chromophobe type (best prognosis)
21
Prostate gland
P for Patay; T for Thick
Peripheral zone: MC site of prostatic adenoCA
- baseball-catcher glove
Transitional zone: MC site of BPH
- Hindi kita sa ultrasound probe
22
Male urethral segments
"PPM"
"ABP"
PPM
- Posterior: Prostatic, Membranous (shortest segment)
ABP
- Anterior: Bulbous , Penile
23
Cell type in urAchal carcinoma?
Adenocarcinoma
24
Fistula from....
Complication of Diverticulitis?
Of gynecological surgery especially of cervical CA?
Attributable to Crohn's disease?
1. Vesicolonic fistula
2. Vesicovaginal fistula
3. Vesicoenteric fistula
25
Meig's Syndrome
Associated with ascites and pleural effusion in patient's with ovarian fibromas
26
Rokitansky nodule
Teratoma (MC germ cell neoplasm of the ovary)
27
A-D-PKD (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease)
"D for Disastrous"
- Kidneys enlarged, replaced by multiple, bilateral,
asymmetrical cysts of VARYING SIZES
28
Most common hereditary renal disorder
ADPKD
29
MC curable cause of htn?
Renal Artery Stenosis
30
Retinal angiomatosis, CNS hemangioblastomas,
pheochromocytomas, RCC
- RCC usually multifocal and bilateral
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
- Renal cysts most common finding
31
Mental retardation, seizures, facial nevus flammeus
(adenoma sebaceum)
- Associated w/ AML and RCC
Tuberous Sclerosis
32
MC form of simple renal ectopy
PELVIC KIDNEY in which the kidney is located in the true pelvis
or anterior to the sacrum (sacral kidney)
33
MC renal anomaly
HORSESHOE KIDNEY
34
MC cause of an abdominal mass in a neonate (dunnick)
CONGENITAL UPJ OBSTRUCTION
35
CIRCUMCAVAL URETER results when the ____ vein persists and forms the major portion of the vena cava
SUBCARDINAL VEIN
36
Most frequently occurring congenital anomaly in the urinary tract (dunnick)
Partial Duplication
37
Faceless kidney
Duplex collecting system
38
MC abnormality associated with complete duplications
REFLUX INTO THE LOWER MOIETY
39
Drooping Lily sign
DUPLEX COLLECTING SYSTEM
40
Cobra-head or Spring onion deformity
URETEROCELE
41
Most causes of pseudoureterocele are acquired;
MC cause of pseudoureterocele is ______.
STONE IMPACTED IN THE DISTAL URETER
producing a zone of edema around the ureteral orifice,
which mimics a true ureterocele
42
MC congenital bladder lesion
EXSTROPHY
43
HURLEY STICK DEFORMITY of the distal ureters just proximal to the ureterovesical junctions
BLADDER EXSTROPHY
44
HUTCH Diverticulum
Congenital Bladder Diverticulum
45
Umbilical attachment of the bladder which normally becomes a completely obliterated fibrous cord (umbilical ligament)
URACHUS
46
Abnormal structure which allows flow of urine from the bladder to the umbilicus
PATENT URACHUS
47
Segmental failure of closure of the urachus at the bladder attachment
URACHOCELE or diverticulum in the dome of the bladder
48
Failure of urachus closure at the umbilical attachment
UMBILICAL SINUS
49
Failure of urachus closure in any other part of the duct
URACHAL CYST
50
MEYER-WEIGERT LAW
IDENTIFY THE MOIETY INVOLVED.
- ureter is ectopic
- enters bladder inferiorly and medially
- may obstruct
"UO"
UPPER Pole Moiety
"UO"
- Upper pole Obstructs
51
MEYER-WEIGERT LAW
IDENTIFY THE MOIETY INVOLVED.
- ureter is orthotopic
- may reflux
Lower pole moiety
52
Posterior urethral valve types
Identify the types of the following:
A. Iris diaphragm across distal prostatic urethra
B. Proximal Leaflets - probably acquired
C. MOST COMMON; leaflets from distal veromontanum to urethral wall
Posterior urethral valve types:
TYPE III - Iris diaphragm across distal prostatic urethra
TYPE II - Proximal Leaflets - probably acquired
TYPE I - MOST COMMON; leaflets from distal veromontanum to urethral wall
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