Genitourinary Tract Imaging

Question 1

MC cause of renovascular HTN

Answer 1

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

• followed by FMD(Fibromuscular Dysplasia);
  string of pearl sign in the arteries (common FMD finding)

Question 2

Adrenal Adenomas vs Adrenal Mets

Answer 2

Adenomas - Early contrast washout

Mets - Slow contrast washout

Question 3

In color Doppler UTZ, until what renal artery segment can it detect?

Answer 3

ARCUATE ARTERY

Question 4

Clinical Triad of Tuberous Sclerosis (TS)?

“MEA-TS”

Answer 4

1. Mental retardation
2. Epilepsy
3. facial Angiofibroma

Question 5

MC common renal fusion anomaly?

“I’MA be ‘gon Horseback riding”

Answer 5

HORSESHOE KIDNEY

• ascent is prevented by the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

Question 6

DIAGNOSIS?
CT: central stellate scar
Angiography: spoke wheel pattern of vessels

Answer 6

RENAL ONCOCYTOMA

Question 7

MC renal mass?

Answer 7

Simple Renal Cyst

Question 8

Most common renal pelvic tumor (mostly malignant)?

Answer 8

TRANSITIONAL CELL CA

Question 9

MC Primary tumor site producing solid renal mets

Answer 9

LUNG CA

Question 10

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Triad
(BEAR PAW SIGN)

“X General Practitioner SCaM”

Answer 10

1. Staghorn Calculus
2. Absent or diminished excretion of contrast medium
3. poorly defined renal Mass

Question 11

Most common bacterial infection involving kidney?

Answer 11

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 12

Potter’s syndrome

Answer 12

Bilateral renal AGENESIS

Question 13

Putty Kidney

Answer 13

Renal TB

Question 14

MC cause of Chronic Pyelonephritis

In children? In adults?

Answer 14

In children: VUR

In Adults: calculi and chronic obstruction

Question 15

Most frequent site of extrapulmonary TB?

Answer 15

URINARY TRACT

Question 16

Primary cause of renal failure in HIV Patients?

Answer 16

HIV Nephropathy

Question 17

• RENAL STONES*
  1. Staghorn calculi stones?
  2. Stones which recurs quickly (“RUSH”)?
  3. MC renal stones (give 2).
  4. Give the three Radiolucent stones on conventional films
  5. Type of stones in Congenital Cystinuria

Answer 17

1. Struvite
2. bRUSHite
3. CaOx and CaPO4
4. Uric Acid, Xanthine, and Indinavir
5. Cystine

Question 18

WEIGERT-MEYER RULE

“UO” or “Urine Output”

(Drooping lily sign)

Answer 18

Upper Pole moiety: Obstructs (ends as a ureterocoele)
- inferomedial insertion

Lower pole moiety: Refluxes (Drooping lily sign)

Question 19

Carney’s Triad?

“CLaP”

Answer 19

1. pulmonary Chondroma
2. gastric Leiomyosarcoma
3. functioning extra-Adrenal Pheochromocytoma

Question 20

Most common primary renal malignancy?

Answer 20

RCC (clear cell type)

• chromophobe type (best prognosis)

Question 21

Prostate gland

P for Patay; T for Thick

Answer 21

Peripheral zone: MC site of prostatic adenoCA
- baseball-catcher glove

Transitional zone: MC site of BPH
- Hindi kita sa ultrasound probe

Question 22

Male urethral segments

“PPM”

“ABP”

Answer 22

PPM
- Posterior: Prostatic, Membranous (shortest segment)

ABP
- Anterior: Bulbous , Penile

Question 23

Cell type in urAchal carcinoma?

Answer 23

Adenocarcinoma

Question 24

Fistula from….
Complication of Diverticulitis?

Of gynecological surgery especially of cervical CA?

Attributable to Crohn’s disease?

Answer 24

1. Vesicolonic fistula
2. Vesicovaginal fistula
3. Vesicoenteric fistula

Question 25

Meig's Syndrome

Answer 25

Associated with ascites and pleural effusion in patient's with ovarian fibromas

Question 26

Rokitansky nodule

Answer 26

Teratoma (MC germ cell neoplasm of the ovary)

Question 27

A-D-PKD (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease) "D for Disastrous"

Answer 27

- Kidneys enlarged, replaced by multiple, bilateral, | asymmetrical cysts of VARYING SIZES

Question 28

Most common hereditary renal disorder

Answer 28

ADPKD

Question 29

MC curable cause of htn?

Answer 29

Renal Artery Stenosis

Question 30

Retinal angiomatosis, CNS hemangioblastomas, pheochromocytomas, RCC - RCC usually multifocal and bilateral

Answer 30

Von Hippel-Lindau Disease - Renal cysts most common finding

Question 31

Mental retardation, seizures, facial nevus flammeus (adenoma sebaceum) - Associated w/ AML and RCC

Answer 31

Tuberous Sclerosis

Question 32

MC form of simple renal ectopy

Answer 32

PELVIC KIDNEY in which the kidney is located in the true pelvis or anterior to the sacrum (sacral kidney)

Question 33

MC renal anomaly

Answer 33

HORSESHOE KIDNEY

Question 34

MC cause of an abdominal mass in a neonate (dunnick)

Answer 34

CONGENITAL UPJ OBSTRUCTION

Question 35

CIRCUMCAVAL URETER results when the ____ vein persists and forms the major portion of the vena cava

Answer 35

SUBCARDINAL VEIN

Question 36

Most frequently occurring congenital anomaly in the urinary tract (dunnick)

Answer 36

Partial Duplication

Question 37

Faceless kidney

Answer 37

Duplex collecting system

Question 38

MC abnormality associated with complete duplications

Answer 38

REFLUX INTO THE LOWER MOIETY

Question 39

Drooping Lily sign

Answer 39

DUPLEX COLLECTING SYSTEM

Question 40

Cobra-head or Spring onion deformity

Answer 40

URETEROCELE

Question 41

Most causes of pseudoureterocele are acquired; | MC cause of pseudoureterocele is ______.

Answer 41

STONE IMPACTED IN THE DISTAL URETER producing a zone of edema around the ureteral orifice, which mimics a true ureterocele

Question 42

MC congenital bladder lesion

Answer 42

EXSTROPHY

Question 43

HURLEY STICK DEFORMITY of the distal ureters just proximal to the ureterovesical junctions

Answer 43

BLADDER EXSTROPHY

Question 44

HUTCH Diverticulum

Answer 44

Congenital Bladder Diverticulum

Question 45

Umbilical attachment of the bladder which normally becomes a completely obliterated fibrous cord (umbilical ligament)

Answer 45

URACHUS

Question 46

Abnormal structure which allows flow of urine from the bladder to the umbilicus

Answer 46

PATENT URACHUS

Question 47

Segmental failure of closure of the urachus at the bladder attachment

Answer 47

URACHOCELE or diverticulum in the dome of the bladder

Question 48

Failure of urachus closure at the umbilical attachment

Answer 48

UMBILICAL SINUS

Question 49

Failure of urachus closure in any other part of the duct

Answer 49

URACHAL CYST

Question 50

MEYER-WEIGERT LAW IDENTIFY THE MOIETY INVOLVED. - ureter is ectopic - enters bladder inferiorly and medially - may obstruct "UO"

Answer 50

UPPER Pole Moiety "UO" - Upper pole Obstructs

Question 51

MEYER-WEIGERT LAW IDENTIFY THE MOIETY INVOLVED. - ureter is orthotopic - may reflux

Answer 51

Lower pole moiety

Question 52

Posterior urethral valve types Identify the types of the following: A. Iris diaphragm across distal prostatic urethra B. Proximal Leaflets - probably acquired C. MOST COMMON; leaflets from distal veromontanum to urethral wall

Answer 52

Posterior urethral valve types: TYPE III - Iris diaphragm across distal prostatic urethra TYPE II - Proximal Leaflets - probably acquired TYPE I - MOST COMMON; leaflets from distal veromontanum to urethral wall

Question 53

MC ectopic position for the undescenced testicle

Answer 53

INGUINAL CANAL