Geography- Urban issues + challenges

Question 1

What is causing urbanisation?

Answer 1

• Rural to urban migration (movement of people from countryside to cities)
• Natural increase (when birth rates exceed death rates)

Question 2

What are the push factors to live in an urban area?

Answer 2

• Natural disasters can damage property + farmland - costly
• Crime rate
• Low pay
• War + conflict
• Few services
• Pollution

Question 3

What are the push factors to live in urban area?

Answer 3

• Improved living conditions
• Low crime rate
• Job opportunities
• Area of outstanding natural beauty
• Better transport links
• Better services

Question 4

What is a megacity?

Answer 4

A city with a population of over 10 million

Question 5

Reasons to support Adani redevelopment plan

Answer 5

• Improve quality of life and standard of living
• Better living conditions

Question 6

Reasons against Adani redevelopment plan

Answer 6

• Destroy sense of community
• People don’t want to move
• Many people will loose homes

Question 7

Challenges before Slum sanitation project

Answer 7

• exposed to disease
• stray dogs
• very dirty
• no electricity
• no water
• no privacy

Question 8

Challenges of slum sanitation project

Answer 8

• access
• intensive manual labour

Question 9

Positives of slum redevelopment project

Answer 9

• free housing (for some)
• good transport links
• lots of jobs can be found
• better toilet facilities
• reliable electricity, sewage systems + lighting
• improves image of mumbai

Question 10

Negatives of slum redevelopment project

Answer 10

• housing is only for those who have records (40% dont)
• 70% of land is being used to build luxury homes- sold on open market
• existing communities will be broken up
• possibility it may not happen
• high towers- no ventilation- more people per sq km

Question 11

Why is London important?

Answer 11

-Business and trade
-Education and research
-Sustainability
-Transport and connectivity
-Immigration
-Leisure and tourism
-History, culture & arts

Question 12

Definition of migrant

Answer 12

A migrant is a person who moves permanently from one place to another

Question 13

Definition of immigrant

Answer 13

An immigrant is a person seen by others to be moving permanently into their place

Question 14

Definition of emigrant

Answer 14

An emigrant person seem to have this with moving permanently away from their place

Question 15

What is the inner city cycle of decline

Answer 15

Industry declines and companies move away—> skilled people move away from inner city to suburbs

Question 16

How is London changing

Answer 16

• Gentrification
• Left the EU- increased costs
• Transport links, airports- approved 3rd runway at Heathrow for business access
• Population increase- due to migration, natural increase

Question 17

Positives of The olympic park

Answer 17

• £17 billion invested into transport improvements
• 9000 new homes were built - 40% will be affordable
• Parkland for public use , new green spaces and wildlife habitats were created
• unemployment overall fell across London during olympic period
• stadiums made of at least 25 % recycled materials
• 12,000 permanent jobs were created during regeneration project

Question 18

Negatives of The olympic park project

Answer 18

• Much wildlife relocated
• Cost £701 million pounds- 3x original estimated cost
• Games produced 3.3 million tons of CO2
• Rents and property prices have gone up
• The ‘affordable rents’ for the 2,800 new homes will be unaffordable foe Newham’s poorest

Question 19

What is a greenfield site

Answer 19

A greenfield site is undeveloped land in an urban oral area, either used for agriculture or landscape design

Question 20

What is a brownfield site?

Answer 20

The brownfield site is land that has been used, abandoned and can be cleared for a new building development in the inner city

Question 21

Solutions to the growing waste problem in London

Answer 21

• Rubbish cafe- exchange rubbish for food
• Individual action- floating bike
• Incinerating waste to produce energy
• Aerobic incinerator- generates renewable energy

Question 22

How does Freiburg conserve water

Answer 22

• collect rainwater
• green roofs

Question 23

How does Freiburg conserve energy?

Answer 23

• efficient technology
• use of renewable energy sources

Question 24

How does Freiburg create green space?

Answer 24

• 44,000 trees have been planted
• 40 % of city is forested

Question 25

What transport strategies reduce traffic congestion in Freiburg

Answer 25

- low fares allow unlimited travel - tram network is connected to the bus routes - 400km of cycle paths - restriction on car parking spaces

Question 26

How is London important?

Answer 26

- business and trade - education and research - immigration - transport and connectivity - history, culture and arts - leisure and tourism - sustainability

Question 27

How does education and research in London show its importance?

Answer 27

- Home to 40 of the World’s top universities - 410,000 students attend university in London - over 1/2 of Londoner’s have a degree - London has over 4,500 world-class researchers and renowned medical and clinical trial centres

Question 28

How does leisure and tourism show London’s importance?

Answer 28

- airports developed for tourists - highest tourist spend in the world with $21.1 billion in 2011 - London has approximately 300 theatres, 12,000 restaurants, 500 cinema screens and 240 museums

Question 29

How does London’s business and trade show its importance?