Germany: 100 Years - Artisans Flashcards
(20 cards)
What were Mittelstand? (K)
small, family-owned businesses, some of which were over 100 years old.
Between 1882-85 how much did one man artisan business drop? (K)
13.5%
When did one man artisan business suffer even more decline? (K)
1897-1907
When and how did the government try and win over the Mittelstand? (K)
1897 with protectionist Craft Laws
How were artisan trades organised? (K)
Trades were organised into guilds and there was a strong tradition of apprenticeships and skilled craftmanship.
Which party did the Mittelstand support? (W)
Nazi’s in the early 1920s
What percentage of Nazi party membership was skilled workers? (W)
33%
What percentage of society was skilled workers? (W)
27%
What were the middelstand concerned about that made the Nazi’s appealing? (W)
The growth of large shopping centres often Jewish-owned
Which group did the Nazis original manifesto (the 25 point program) support with a number of policies? (W)
Middelstand
What did the Nazis introduce in 1935 that new artisans had to pass? (N)
the “Master’s Examination” to ensure a high level of craft was maintained
From 193_ to 193_ how much did the number of artisan businesses decline by? (N)
1936-1939 declined by 11%
How much did department stores turnover increase by and how much did they employ? (N)
1936-39 turnover increased by 10%
they employed 90,000 people
From 193_ to 193_ how much did the number of artisan businesses rise by? (N)
1931-36 rose by 20%
Which Nazi policy caused the number of artisan businesses to rise by 20% between 1931-36? (N)
Nazi Party formations had to order boots and uniforms from artisans.
By the end of the 1930s how did Nazi policy on artisans change? (N)
They restricted them saying there were too many bakers, butchers, shoemakers and tailors.
After the Martial Plan of 1947 what happened to artisans? (WG)
They were given special status which meant they could oversee organisation and training of skilled workers.
By 195_ how many Germans were employed in artisan trade compared to how much in 1939? (WG)
1955 over 3.5 million compared to 1 in 1939
What trades did artisans focus on instead of more traditional clothing or textiles?
Skilled metalworking or other trades that supported big industry instead of competed with it.
What caused a strong reputation for German exports?
The cooperation of big industry with artisans which combined mass production with skilled craftmanship.
