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GI BLOCK > GI 1 > Flashcards

GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A 
Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region 
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region 
Left lumbar region
Right inguinal region
Hypogastric region 
Left inguinal region
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2
Q

What is found in the oral cavity?

A 
Cheeks (buccal region)
Palate 
Uvula
Teeth
Tongue
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3
Q

What is the function of salivary glands?

A

To help with break down of food and lubrification

N.b. Increased secretion of salivary glands in presence of food

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4
Q

What are the main salivary glands?

A
  • parotid gland
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
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5
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Funnel shaped tube from the posterior nasal opening down to cricoid cartilage

Skeletal muscle lined with mucous membrane

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6
Q

What are the components of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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7
Q

Where is the oesophagus found?

A

The oesophagus begins in the laryngopharynx at C6 and extends down to T11

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8
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

Muscular tube which expands with food bolus

20-40 cm long, 1- 2 cm wide

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9
Q

What are the two layers of the oesophagus? What is their function?

A

Outer longitudinal & inner circular

Function: peristalsis

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10
Q

At what level the food enters the stomach?

A

T10/T11

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11
Q

How does food leave enters the stomach?

A

by passing through the abdominal hiatus of the diaphragm then through the lower oesophageal sphincter(T10/T11)

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12
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A 
Cardia
Fungus
Body 
Pylorus 
Greater curvature 
Lesser curvature

+ internal folds:rugae

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the stomach?

A
  • outer longitudinal
  • middle circular
  • inner oblique
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14
Q

What is the function of rugae in stomach?

A

to allow for expansion of the stomach

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15
Q

What is the Duodenum?

A

C showed first part of the small bowel

25 cm long

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16
Q

Where is the Duodenum located?

A

Sits around the head of the pancreas

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17
Q

What are the 4parts of the Duodenum?

A

superior, descending, inferior and ascending

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18
Q

What is the function of the major duodenal papilla?

A

The major duodenal papilla is an opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum

It is the primary mechanism for the secretion of bile and other enzymes that facilitate digestion

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19
Q

What is the function of the minor duodenal papilla?

A

The minor duodenal papilla is the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the descending second section of the duodenum

It is is the prime duct for drainage of the pancreas,

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20
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Posterior to the stomach

Extends from duodenum to the spleen

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21
Q

What functions does the pancreas have?

A

Exocrine and endocrine functIons

22
Q

Why does the pancreas secrete pancreatic juices?

A

secretes pancreatic juice that contains digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients and digestion in the small intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme.

23
Q

What are the 5 parts of the pancreas?

A 
Head 
Uncinate process
Neck 
Body 
Tail
24
Q

Where is the pancreatic duct located?

A

Runs through pancreas and joins with common bile duct in the lower head of pancreas

25
Q

What is the liver?

A

Largest visceral organ

26
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines.

27
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?

A

Diaphragmatic: lies against the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Visceral: covered with visceral peritoneum ( except at: fossa for gallbladder & porta hepatis)

28
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right lobe
Left lobe
Quadrate lobe (inferior to right lobe)
Caudate lobe ( btw right and left lobe in superior location)

29
Q

What is the gall bladder?

A

The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac lying on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver in a fossa between the right and quadrate lobes

Connected to liver through biliary tree

30
Q

What are the 4 regions of the gall bladder?

A

Fundus
Body (Infundubilum)
Neck
Cystic duct

31
Q

What is the biliary tree?

A

The biliary tree is a system of vessels that directs secretions from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas through a series of ducts into the duodenum.

The exit hole into the duodenum is called the papilla of Vater.

32
Q

What is the spleen?

A

Is a lymphatic tissue

33
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

Lies in the left upper quadrant between ribs 9 and 11

34
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of the spleen?

A

Costal surface: diaphragm

Visceral surface: stomach, left kidney and splenic flexure

35
Q

What structure of the spleen contains splenic vessels and lymphatic?

A

The hilum

36
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

Immune response

Blood filtration

Storage

37
Q

What is the histology of the oral cavity?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, taste buds (papillae), mucous secreting glands

38
Q

What is the histology of the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, 2 muscular layers, mucous secreting glands

39
Q

What is the histology of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar epithelium, 3 layers, pits, mucous, secreting cells, acid and enzyme secreting cells

40
Q

What is the histology of the duodenum?

A

Simple columnar cells with globes cells, villi, crypts

41
Q

What is the blood supply for the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

42
Q

What organs make the foregut?

A 
Oesophagus
Spleen
Stomach 
Liver
Gall bladder 
Pancreas 
1st and 2nd part of duodenum
43
Q

What is the blood supply for the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

44
Q

What organs are part of the midgut?

A 
3rd and 4th part of duodenum 
Jejenum
Ileum 
Appendix
Ascending colon
Caecum
Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
45
Q

What is the blood supply for the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

46
Q

What organs are part of the hindgut?

A 
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum 
Upper snake canal 
Urogenital sinus
47
Q

What branches of the abdominal aorta supply blood to GI tract?

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

48
Q

What are the 3 regions of the GI tract?

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

49
Q

What level do the 3 main branches of the abdominal aorta arise from fonte aorta?

A

Coeliac trunk - superior
Superior mesenteric a- superior (ristarlo to coeliac trunk origin )
Inferior mesenteric a- inferior (caudal to coeliac trunk origin)

50
Q

What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

Gastric arteries: right and left
Common hepatic artery ( becomes proper hepatic+ divides into : R hepatic & L hepatic)

Splenic artery

51
Q

What is unique about the splenic artery?

A

Supplies oxygenated blood to spleen

GI BLOCK (13 decks)

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