Pharmacology: antineoplastic drugs Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of cancer?
Transformation
Proliferation
Metastasis
What type of drugs treat cancer?
- DNA synthesis inhibitors - Methotrexate: act is S phase of cell cycle
X DNA damaging agents- Cyclophosphamide: act on G0 phase of cell cycle - Cell division inhibitors- Vincristine: act during mitosis phase of cell cycle
What is the history of cytotoxic chemotherapy .?
1- methotroxerate in 1950
2- cyclophosphamide in 1960
3- vincristine in 1980
What are the 3 types of inhibitors of cell growth and division?
A- DNA synthesis inhibitors - Methrotrexate
B- DNA Damaging agents - cyclophosphamide
C- Cell division inhibitors - vincristine
Action of methotrexate
It’s anti metabolite p: block or bus very one or more metabolic pathways involved in DNA synthesis
Action of cyclophosphamide
Inhibits dividing cells and cells at rest
Makes DNA unstable
Adverse effect
Can lead to bladder necrosis
Action of vincristine
Bind to be-tubulin to inhibit microtubuke formation
Prevent mitotic spindle production
Prevent cell division from metaphase for anaphase
Treatment: leukaemia
Adverse effect
Loss of reflexes
Abdominal pain
Constipation
Adverse effects of chemotherapy?
Bone marrow toxicity Loss of hair Gì tract epithelial damage Sterility Depression growth
What is targeted cancer therapy?
Uses steroid such as estrogen
- Tamoxifen
And growth factors in VEGF (vascular growth factor) growth cells
- angiogenesis inhibitors
What is the silver bulletin used for cancer therapy?
Bevacizumab
What are checkpoint proteins?
Stimulate immune system to detect and fight tumours
Switch off checkpoint proteins
Example: ipilimumab in malignant melanoma
What are immunosuppressive agents?
Anti proliferati e agents
Anti rejection drugs- ciclosporin used in organ transplant
Cytokine modulators- infliximab (monoclonal antibody with TNF-alpha) , etanercept
