GI

Question 1

What is duodenal atresia?

Answer 1

Duodenal atresia is a congenital condition where there is a complete obstruction of the duodenum.

Question 2

True or False: Duodenal atresia often presents with bile-stained vomiting in newborns.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are common clinical features of duodenal atresia?

Answer 3

Common clinical features include bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, and inability to pass meconium.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Duodenal atresia is often associated with ________ anomalies.

Answer 4

other

Question 5

What imaging study is primarily used to diagnose duodenal atresia?

Answer 5

An abdominal X-ray is primarily used to diagnose duodenal atresia.

Question 6

What classic sign may be seen on an X-ray for duodenal atresia?

Answer 6

The ‘double bubble’ sign, indicating air in the stomach and proximal duodenum.

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a common associated condition with duodenal atresia? A) Down syndrome B) Cardiac defects C) Cystic fibrosis D) Anorectal malformations

Answer 7

C) Cystic fibrosis

Question 8

What is the typical management approach for duodenal atresia?

Answer 8

The typical management approach includes surgical intervention to correct the atresia.

Question 9

True or False: Duodenal atresia can be diagnosed prenatally through ultrasound.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the primary symptom of duodenal atresia in a newborn?

Answer 10

The primary symptom is bilious vomiting.

Question 11

What is jejunal atresia?

Answer 11

Jejunal atresia is a congenital condition where there is a complete obstruction or absence of a segment of the jejunum.

Question 12

True or False: Ileal atresia is more common than jejunal atresia.

Answer 12

False: Jejunal atresia is more common than ileal atresia.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Both jejunal and ileal atresia are types of __________.

Answer 13

intestinal atresia

Question 14

What are common symptoms of jejunal atresia in newborns?

Answer 14

Common symptoms include bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, and failure to pass meconium.

Question 15

Multiple choice: What is a common cause of jejunal and ileal atresia?

Answer 15

A. Vascular accidents during fetal development

Question 16

What is the primary treatment for jejunal and ileal atresia?

Answer 16

Surgical resection of the atretic segment and anastomosis of the remaining bowel.

Question 17

True or False: Jejunal atresia can lead to complications such as short bowel syndrome.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What diagnostic imaging is commonly used to identify intestinal atresia?

Answer 18

An abdominal X-ray or ultrasound.

Question 19

What is the prognosis for infants with jejunal atresia after surgical intervention?

Answer 19

The prognosis is generally good, but it depends on the extent of bowel loss and associated anomalies.

Question 20

List one associated condition that may occur with ileal atresia.

Answer 20

Meconium ileus or other gastrointestinal malformations.

Question 21

What is omphalocele?

Answer 21

Omphalocele is a congenital condition characterized by the herniation of abdominal contents through a defect in the umbilical ring.

Question 22

True or False: Omphalocele can be associated with other congenital anomalies.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What are common clinical features of omphalocele?

Answer 23

Common clinical features include a bulging mass covered by a thin membrane at the umbilical site, which may contain intestines, liver, or other organs.

Question 24

What imaging technique is primarily used to diagnose omphalocele during pregnancy?

Answer 24

Ultrasound is the primary imaging technique used to diagnose omphalocele during pregnancy.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The presence of omphalocele is often detected during __________.

Answer 25

routine prenatal ultrasounds

Question 26

Which additional diagnostic test can be used postnatally to assess associated anomalies with omphalocele?

Answer 26

A fetal echocardiogram can be used to assess associated anomalies postnatally.

Question 27

What is the primary treatment for omphalocele?

Answer 27

The primary treatment for omphalocele is surgical repair of the defect.

Question 28

True or False: Omphalocele repair can often be performed immediately after birth.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is a potential complication of omphalocele that requires careful management?

Answer 29

Potential complications include infection, bowel obstruction, and organ dysfunction.

Question 30

What is the prognosis for infants with isolated omphalocele?

Answer 30

The prognosis for infants with isolated omphalocele is generally good, especially with timely surgical intervention.

Question 31

What is gastroschisis?

Answer 31

A congenital defect where the abdominal wall does not close completely, allowing the intestines to protrude outside the body.

Question 32

True or False: Gastroschisis is typically associated with other congenital anomalies.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Which side of the body does the abdominal wall defect typically occur in gastroschisis?

Answer 33

Right side

Question 34

What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind gastroschisis?

Answer 34

Failure of the lateral mesodermal body wall to fuse during embryonic development.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The clinical features of gastroschisis include __________ and __________.

Answer 35

exposed intestines, possible associated malformations

Question 36

What imaging technique is most commonly used to diagnose gastroschisis prenatally?

Answer 36

Ultrasound

Question 37

What is the initial management step for a newborn diagnosed with gastroschisis?

Answer 37

Immediate surgical intervention to repair the defect.

Question 38

Multiple choice: What is the most common complication associated with gastroschisis?

Answer 38

Bowel necrosis

Question 39

What type of nutrition is typically required for infants post-surgery for gastroschisis?

Answer 39

Parenteral nutrition until bowel function is restored.

Question 40

True or False: Gastroschisis can be treated with conservative management alone.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What is Meckel diverticulum?

Answer 41

Meckel diverticulum is a congenital pouch located on the ileum, resulting from incomplete closure of the omphalomesenteric duct.

Question 42

True or False: Meckel diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the small intestine.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Fill in the blank: Meckel diverticulum is typically located _____ feet from the ileocecal valve.

Answer 43

2

Question 44

What percentage of the population is estimated to have Meckel diverticulum?

Answer 44

About 2% of the population.

Question 45

Multiple choice: Which of the following complications is NOT commonly associated with Meckel diverticulum? A) Hemorrhage B) Intestinal obstruction C) Appendicitis D) Diverticulitis

Answer 45

C) Appendicitis