GI

Question 1

What is the purpose of thickening formulas with rice cereal?

Answer 1

Keeps food in stomach to prevent reflux

Question 2

Describe hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS)

Answer 2

Narrowing of pyloric sphincter prevents stomach from emptying into duodenum

Question 3

What are the manifestations of HPS? (2)

Answer 3

• Projectile vomiting
• Left-to-right peristalsis after eating

Question 4

Emesis from HPS does not contain ______

Answer 4

Bile

Question 5

What is the primary concern associated with HPS?

Answer 5

Dehydration / electrolyte imbalances due to excessive vomiting

Question 6

What surgical intervention is used for HPS?

Answer 6

Pyloromyotomy

Question 7

Describe the nursing interventions associated with HPS (3)

Answer 7

• NPO
• NG tube
• Fluid / electrolyte replacement

Question 8

Describe intussusception

Answer 8

Part of the intestine telescopes into another causing obstruction

Question 9

What complications are associated with intussusception? (4)

Answer 9

• Bleeding
• Necrosis
• Perforation
• Peritonitis

Question 10

Since fecal material cannot pass beyond obstruction in the case of intussusception, what substances do stools primarily contain? (2)

Answer 10

• Blood
• Mucus

Question 11

What are the manifestations of intussusception? (2)

Answer 11

• “Currant jelly” stools
• Severe abdominal pain

Question 12

What is the primary treatment of intussusception?

Answer 12

Air / saline enema to relieve obstruction

Question 13

What sign indicates spontaneous reduction of intussusception?

Answer 13

Passing of a normal stool

Question 14

Describe hirschsprung disease

Answer 14

Lack of intestinal motility due to absent nerve cells

Question 15

What are the manifestations of hirschsprung disease? (3)

Answer 15

• Megacolon
• “Ribbon-like” stools
• Chronic constipation

Question 16

What complications are associated with hirschsprung disease? (3)

Answer 16

• Anal strictures
• Incontinence
• Enterocolitis

Question 17

Describe gastroenteritis (GE)

Answer 17

Enterotoxins cause severe diarrhea

Question 18

______ is the most common cause of hospitalization associated with gastroenteritis (GE)

Answer 18

Rotavirus

Question 19

Describe the therapeutic management of dehydration (3)

Answer 19

• NO anti-diarrheal meds
• Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) if vomiting
• Clear liquids

Question 20

What signs of dehydration are considered a medical emergency? (5)

Answer 20

• Vomiting for > 12 hours
• > 10 watery stools in 1 day
• Urinary retention for > 6 hours
• Crying without tears
• Sunken fontanels