GU

Question 1

What pathogen is associated with UTIs?

Answer 1

E. coli

Question 2

What causes UTIs in infants?

Answer 2

Not changing diapers frequently enough

Question 3

What increases the risk of UTIs in males?

Answer 3

Uncircumcised - bacteria under foreskin

Question 4

What are the manifestations of a UTI? (4)

Answer 4

• Dysuria
• Urinary frequency
• Foul smelling urine
• Blood-tinged urine

Question 5

Why is a clean-catch specimen not preferred for diagnosis of UTI?

Answer 5

Risk of contamination / not sterile

Question 6

What is the most common / most effective method of specimen collection for diagnosis of UTI?

Answer 6

UA / C&S via straight catheter - sterile

Question 7

Describe the treatment of UTI (3)

Answer 7

• Antibiotics
• Antipyretics
• Hydration

Question 8

What conditions can result from untreated UTI? (4)

Answer 8

• Renal scarring
• Kidney stones
• Hypertension
• ESRD

Question 9

What is hypospadias?

Answer 9

Meatal opening located on ventral surface rather than tip

Question 10

What is epispadias?

Answer 10

Meatal opening located on dorsal surface rather than tip

Question 11

Describe post-op nursing interventions associated with hypospadias / epispadias (4)

Answer 11

• Double diapering - one for urine / one for stool
• Monitor for infection
• Assess voiding
• DO NOT circumsize

Question 12

What is testicular torsion?

Answer 12

Twisting of the spermatic cord

Question 13

When is testicular torsion most common?

Answer 13

12 - 18 years old

Question 14

What are the manifestations of testicular torsion? (4)

Answer 14

• Sudden pain in one testicle
• Swelling on one side of the scrotum
• Lightheadedness
• Nausea / vomiting

Question 15

Absent cremasteric reflex indicates ______

Answer 15

Testicular torsion

Question 16

Why is testicular torsion considered an emergency?

Answer 16

Risk of losing testicle due to ischemia

Question 17

Describe the treatment of testicular torsion

Answer 17

Immediate surgery

Question 18

Describe the pathophysiology of acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) (2)

Answer 18

• Increased permeability to RBCs and protein
• Circulatory congestion causes decreased urine output

Question 19

What are the characteristics of acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)? (8)

Answer 19

• Positive strep titer
• Cola colored urine
• Gross hematuria
• Mild proteinuria
• Normal lipid levels
• Hypervolemia (circulatory congestion)
• Mild edema
• Hypertension

Question 20

What laboratory findings are associated with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) (3)

Answer 20

• Elevated BUN
• Elevated ESR
• Positive ASO

Question 21

Describe the nursing management of acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) (2)

Answer 21

• Antihypertensives
• Antibiotics

Question 22

Describe the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) (2)

Answer 22

• Increased permeability to albumin causes hypoalbuminemia
• Interstitial congestion causes severe edema

Question 23

What are the characteristics of nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)? (8)

Answer 23

• Negative strep titer
• Frothy urine
• Severe proteinuria (3/4 +)
• Microscopic hematuria
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypovolemia (Interstitial congestion)
• Severe edema
• Hypotension

Question 24

What laboratory findings are associated with nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)? (3)

Answer 24

• Proteinuria 3 / 4 +
• Hypoalbuminemia
• Hyperlipidemia

Question 25

Describe the nursing management of nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) (2)

Answer 25

- Corticosteroids - first line ** - IV albumin

Question 26

Describe education associated with nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) (2)

Answer 26

- Immunosuppression - protective isolation precautions - Altered appearance due to edema

Question 27

What type of diet is recommended for patients with APSGN / MCNS?

Answer 27

Low sodium / low protein