GI Drugs

Question 1

GI tract is highly susceptible to emotional changes because

Answer 1

It is innervated by the vagus nerve associated with the ANS

Question 2

What is the occurence of GERD

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

Irritation, inflammation and erosion occurs in GERD because of

Answer 3

Stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus

Question 4

Treatment of GERD is to? Through?

Answer 4

Decreasing the acid in the stomach. H2 blockers and Proton pump inhibitors. Antacids relief for acute symptoms.

Question 5

Ulcers may be related to the presence of this bacteria

Answer 5

Helicobacter pylori

Chronic use of NSAIDs

Question 6

Treatment of h. Pylori related ulcer

Answer 6

Combination of two antibiotics and a PPI to reduce stomach acid

Question 7

NSAIDs cause ulcers because

Answer 7

NSAIDs inhibit the synthesis of PGs (prostoglandins) they are cytoproctective to the stomach

Question 8

What are the drugs used to treat ulcer and GERD

Answer 8

Antacids, H2 blocking agents, PPI, mixed antiinfectice therapy, other GI drugs

Question 9

Action of antacids

Answer 9

Partially neutralize HCl

Question 10

What are the active ingredients in antacid

Answer 10

Calcium carbonate, aluminum and magnesium slates, sodium bicarbonate, and magnesium aluminum hydroxide gels

Question 11

Antacids raise the pH to 3-4 which

Answer 11

Reduces the erosive effects of the acid and pepsin activity

Question 12

How does alginic acid (antacid) work

Answer 12

Creates a barrier

Question 13

H2 action

Answer 13

Block and inhibit gastric acid secretion by competitive inhibition of histamine at the H2 parietal cells

Question 14

Histamines end in

Answer 14

-tidine

Question 15

Use of H2 blocking agents

Answer 15

Mild to moderate GERD

Question 16

H2 blocking agents is for the prevention

Answer 16

Of acid related symptoms for consumption of food and/or beverage

Question 17

Adverse reactions of H2 blocking agents

Answer 17

Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (ranitidine, famotidine)
More potentially side effects and has numerous drug interactions (cimetidine)

Question 18

Proton pump inhibitors end in

Answer 18

-zole

Question 19

What was the first PPI

Answer 19

Omeprazole

Question 20

Action of PPI

Answer 20

Inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, heals both gastric and duodenal ulcers, and is approved GERD

Question 21

PPIs inhibit

Answer 21

H+ and K+ ATPase enzyme systems at the surface of the gastric parietal cells

Question 22

Side effects of omeprazole (PPI)

Answer 22

Headache and abdominal pain

Question 23

PPI side effects

Answer 23

Atrophy of the tongue, taste perversion, esophageal candidiasis, and dry mouth

Question 24

Mixed antiinfective therapy

Answer 24

2 abs and a PPI (clarithromycin and amoxicillin)

Question 25

When are laxatives used

Answer 25

For short term: constipation and before diagnostic procedures

Question 26

Types of laxatives

Answer 26

Bulk laxatives, lubricants, stimulants, stool softeners, osmotic laxatives

Question 27

Bulk laxatives action

Answer 27

Polysaccharide or cellulose derivatives - Form gels when combined with intestinal fluids

Question 28

Lubricants action

Answer 28

Can be absorbed and interfere with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 29

Stimulants action

Answer 29

Increase peristaltic activity of the intestine

Question 30

Stool softeners action

Answer 30

Wets and softens stools by accumulating water in the intestine

Question 31

Osmotic laxative (milk of magnesia) action

Answer 31

Draws water into the intestine, increasing pressure, stimulating evacuation

Question 32

Types of antidiarrheals

Answer 32

Antimotility agents, absorbent, antisecretory

Question 33

What is the most effective antidiarrheal agents

Answer 33

Antimotility - works on the sm. musc of the GI tract

Question 34

Antiemetic drugs has these effects

Answer 34

Anticholinergic, dental - xerostomia

Question 35

Ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease

Answer 35

C: through all layers of the intestinal wall. Any part of the GI , discontinuous U: mucosa and submucosa only, colon and rectum only continuous lesions

Question 36

Agents used to manage chronic IBD

Answer 36

Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, biologic response modifiers, antibiotics