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Pharm Final > Vitamins And Mineral > Flashcards

Vitamins And Mineral Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

What are water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin B and C

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2
Q

What are fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A, K, E, D

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3
Q

What are ways in which vitamins works?

A

Water soluble (coenzyme, catalyze specific reactions)
Antioxidants - Vitamin E, C
Hormones - Vitamin A and D

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4
Q

After oxidation vitamin C forms

A

Dehydroascorbic acid

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5
Q

For an oxidation reaction, what type of agent is Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

A

Reducing agent

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6
Q

What are sources of Vitamin C

A

citrus fruits, green peppers, tomatoes, strawberries, broccoli, raw cabbage, baked tomatoes, papaya

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7
Q

Vitamin C is easily destroyed by

A

Cooking

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8
Q

What is the role of vitamin C (3)

A
  • ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid form a reversible ox-reduction system
  • biological ox-red rxns in cellular respiration
  • connective tissue metabolism- formation of collagen
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9
Q

A deficiency in vitamin C leads to (2)

A

Scurvy

CT production inability - collagen, bone matrix, dentin, cartilage, vascular endothelium

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10
Q

Where can humans get Vitamin and why?

A

Can only get from diet since the human body cannot synthesize this vitamin

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11
Q

Adverse reactions of too much vitamin C

A

Precipitation of oxalate stones in the urinary tract

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12
Q

What are some (2) clinical consideration of vitamin C

A
  • prevent common cold

- enhances the absorption of iron

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13
Q

What are the different classes of B vitamins (3)

A
  • release energy
  • catalyze formation of RBCs
  • not required for human nutrition
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14
Q

What is vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

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15
Q

Source of Vitamin B1

A

Foods, animal and vegetable

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16
Q

What is the role of vitamin B1

A

Thiamin is an intermediary metabolism

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17
Q

A deficiency in thiamin leads to

A

Vitamin B1 = beriberi

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18
Q

What are some adverse reactions of vitamin B1

A

Thiamin is non - toxic but some are hypersensitive

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19
Q

What is Vitamin B1 used for

A

Treatment of a variety of manifestation of deficiencies

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20
Q

What is vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

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21
Q

Where can you get vitamin B2

A

In both animal and vegetable

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22
Q

What is the role of vitamin B2

A

They are two flavoprotein Enzymes

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23
Q

What does the deficiency in vitamin B 2 cause

A

Symptoms involving the lips, tongue and skin

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24
Q

What are adverse reactions of vitamin B2

A

NON TOXIC YAY

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25
A deficiency in vitamin B2 occurs commonly in
Alcoholics, economically deprived, or patients with severe GI disease
26
What is vitamin B3
Niacin or nicotinic acid
27
What is the role of vitamin b3
Alleviate symptoms of deficiency
28
A deficiency in vit b3 is called
Pellagra
29
Source of vitamin b3
Lean meats, fish, liver, poultry, legumes, and whole grains
30
What is the role of vitamin b3
Roles in metabolism through the participation of ox-red reactions
31
Large doses of vitamin B3 are
Cutaneous flushing, pruritis, GI distress
32
Uses of vitamin b3
Pellagra and hyperlipidemia
33
What is vit b6
Pyroxidine
34
The source of vitamin b6
Foods, both animal and vegetable
35
Deficiencies in vit b6 are
Rare
36
The adverse reactions of vitamin b6 are
Non toxic
37
Vit b6 can be prescribed with
Isoniazid
38
vit b6 can cancel the effect of
The drug levodopa
39
What is vitamin b9
Folic acid
40
Sources of vit b9
GRANULAR MEATS liver, some fruits and veg, wheat germ and yeast
41
What is the role of vitamin b9
transfer and utilization of one carbon groups
42
Deficiency of vitamin b9
Megaloplastic anemia
43
Adverse reactions of vitamin b9
Nontoxic
44
What are some effects of vitamin b9 in regards to pernicious anemia
B9 will cause remission of Hematologic effects of pernicious anemia
45
Vitamin b9 will also not in regards to vitamin b12 deficiencies
It will not prevent neurological effects caused by vit b12 deficiencies
46
Vitamin b12 is chemically complex because
It contains four extensively substituted pyrole rings surrounding a cobalt atom
47
Source of vit b12
Certain MOs that synthesize the vit
48
Role of b12
Coenzyme required in the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl CoA
49
A deficiency in vitamin b12 causes
Hematopoiesis, GI disturbances, inadequate myelin synthesis, general debility
50
The most common cause in pernicious anemia is
The deficiency in vitamin b12
51
Adverse reactions of vit b12
Non toxic
52
Which individuals can exhibit symptoms of vitamin b12 deficiency
Vegetarians who have ha da gastrectomy
53
Panthothenic and biotin are what type of vitamins
Vitamin b - water soluble
54
Panthothenic acid is
A compound required to form acetyl-CoA
55
Source of panthothenic acid
All living material
56
Role of pathothenic acid
For normal epithelial rxn
57
Deficiency in pantothenic acid is
Rare
58
Pantothenic acid promotes
GI motility
59
What is biotin
Essential growth factor for yeast
60
Source of biotin
Almost all foods, synthesized by microflora by the intestinal tract
61
What is the role of biotin
The coenzyme required in metabolism of CO2 fixation reactions
62
Biotin deficiency
Occurs with long term parenteral nutrition
63
These agents can cause a biotin deficiency
Anti infective agents
64
What are the two B vitamins not req'd for human nutrition
Vitamin B15 (pangamic) B17 (amygdalin)
65
These two B compounds are not required in the human diet
Choline or inositol
66
What is vitamin a
Necessary for normal growth an maintaining health and integrity of epithelial tissues
67
Vitamin A represents these groups
Retinoids and carotenoids
68
Source of vitamin a
Saltwater fish and animal tissue
69
The greatest source of vitamin a is
Carotenes ( found in pigmented fruits and vegetables
70
Roles of vitamin A (4)
Prevents night blindness Integrity of epithelial mucosa Cell mediated and antibody immunity Role in skin production
71
Deficiency in vitamin a causes (6)
Night blindness, xerophthalmia, dry rough skin, loss of appetite, diarrhea and reduced resistance to infection
72
Toxicity in vitamin A deficiency are (7)
Itching skin, desquamation, coarse or absent hair, painful subcutaneous swelling, gingivitis, hyper irritability, limitation of motion
73
Pharmacologic use of vitamin a
Trent in: acne tx | Isotretinoin - tx of severe cystic acne
74
Vitamin D sources are
UV irradiation from the skin | Foods: fortified milk, fatty fish, fish liver oils, butter, egg, yolk, liver, fortified juices
75
The role of vitamin D is
Mineralization of bone by stimulating intestinal absorption of calcium and decreasing excretion from the kidney
76
A deficiency in vitamin d
Produces inadequate absorption of calcium and phosphate with a decrease in plasma calcium
77
Toxicity of vitamin D
Symptoms of hypervitmaninosis of vitamin d are caused by abnormal calcium metabolism
78
Vitamin D are used to prevent
Rickets, chronic hypocalcemia, hypophosphotemia, osteodystrophy, and osteomalacia
79
These have naturally posses vitamin E activity
Tocopherol (there are eight of them)
80
Source of vitamin E
Vegetable oils
81
A deficiency in vitamin E causes (4)
Retinal degeneration, hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, neurologic damage
82
Vit E deficiency
Is low
83
Daily intake of vitamin E should not exceed
1000 mg
84
What are therapeutic used of vitamin E
None has been proven
85
Vitamin K is present in
Hog liver and alfalfa
86
Sources of vitamin K
Green veg, egg yolk, soybean oil, and liver
87
Role of vitamin K
Normal blood coagulation
88
Toxicity of vitamin K increased
With the use of high dose synthetic form > jaundice
89
Iron is found in
Hemoglobin
90
Source of Iron
Organ meats, wheat germ, yeast, egg yolk, oysters, red meats, dried beans
91
Excretion of Iron
Does not since it wants to conserve it
92
Role of iron
Energy metabolism
93
Deficiency in iron occurs
With growth, blood loss, inadequate intake during pregnancy or lactation
94
Excess iron =
Liver cirrhosis, skin pigmentation
95
Toxicity of iron
Bleeding into intestine with acute OD = shock or death
96
Sources of zinc
Seafood and meat
97
Role of zinc
Digestive enzyme constituent, skin integrity, wound healing, growth
98
Deficiency in zinc =
Delay in sexual maturity, slow wound healing, slow growth
99
Excess in zinc =
Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
100
Calcium role
Bone and tooth formation, blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contractility
101
Deficiency in calcium -
Stunted growth, rickets, osteoporosis, convulsions
102
Excess in calcium=
Hypocalcemia,soft tissue calcification, renal impairment, psychosis

Pharm Final (12 decks)

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