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Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What are respiratory diseases

A

Asthma, COPS, upper resp tract infection

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2
Q

Drug groups for treatment of RDs

A

Adrenergic drug for bronchodilation and corticosteroids for inflammation

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3
Q

What are the classifications of RDs

A

non-infectious (asthma and COPD), viral or bacterial respiratory infection

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4
Q

Difference between asthma and COPD (reversibility of airway obstruction)

A

A: reversible
C: irreversible

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5
Q

Causes of asthma attacks

A

Allergen, pollen, exercise, stress, or upper resp tract infection

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6
Q

What is status asthmaticus

A

Is the persistent life-threatening bronchospasm drug therapy

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7
Q

What are the signs of asthma

A

Wheezing and shortness of breath

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8
Q

What are the two main mechanisms of COPD

A
  • chronic inflammation of the airway and excessive sputum production
  • alveolar destruction with airway space enlargement and collapse
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9
Q

What controls respiration

A

Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, behavioural

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10
Q

Chemoreceptors are the main stimulus for respiration. Breathing is stimulated by? And in COPD

A

By the increase of CO2 pressure.

By the decrease of O2 Pressure for COPD

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11
Q

Mechanorecptotes detect changes in

A

Flow, pressure or volume

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12
Q

Behavioural controls of receptors pertain to

A

Emotional affective condition of the client such as anxiety, pain, or general discomfort may cause ventilation that is excessive for the metabolic demand of the body

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13
Q

How are respiratory drugs delivered to the lungs? And what are they

A

Directly through inhalation devices.

Beta 2 agonists, anticholinergics/antimuscarinics, corticosteroids

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14
Q

Other resp drugs than direct

A

Leukotrine modifiers, methylxanthines, Anti-IgE antibodies

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15
Q

What is the difference between COPD and asthma drugs

A

When it is administered. As the same drugs are used for both

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16
Q

What are the advantages of inhalation devices

A
  • directly to the bronchioles
  • greater than oral dose
  • accurate measurement
  • rapid and predictable onset
  • compact, portable and sterile
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17
Q

Beta agonists work by the stimulation of

A

Beta receptors in the lungs

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18
Q

The activation of beta receptors result in an accumulation of __________ in the smooth muscles, and causes ___________

A

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), relaxation of smooth muscles

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19
Q

This type of beta agonist produce fewer cardiac side effects

A

Selective

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20
Q

What are side effects of beta agonists

A

Nervousness, tachycardia, xerostomia

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21
Q

What are the two types of beta agonists

A

Short and long acting

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22
Q

Short acting beta agonists are used for the treatment of? What is the drug called

A

Both asthma and COPD. Salbutamol

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23
Q

What is the onset and duration time of short acting beta agonist

Study These Flashcards
A

Within minutes and lasts up to 4-6 hours

24
Q

What is the onset and duration of action for long acting beta agonist

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A

Delayed but duration is sustained

25
Long acting beta agonist is used for the mgmt of
First line of COPD not for acute attacks
26
What is the MoA for anticholinergics
Inhibits cholinergic response > bronchodilation
27
Anticholinergics affect sputum by
The reduction in volume but not the viscosity
28
What are the side effects of anticholinergics
Xerostomia, bitter taste
29
What are the two types of anticholinergics and where are they used
Short - COPD reliever and controller | Long - first line COP
30
This is used for chronic therapy and what is its route
Corticosteroids through the inhaled route
31
Corticosteroids can be used through the oral route when
There is an acute exacerbation
32
What is the MoA of corticosteroids
- binds to glucocorticoid receptor on cytoplasm of cells - reduced production of inflammatory mediators - which decreases mucous production
33
Overall respiratory effect of corticosteroids
- improvement in pulmonary rxn, less wheezing, tightness and coughing
34
Uses of corticosteroids
- first line in asthma, in addition to COPD (severe)
35
Side effects of inhaled corticosteroids
- xerostomia, hoarseness, fungal infections on mouth and throat (ie. candidiasis)
36
What can be done to manage oral effects
Rinse mouth and through, use a spacer device with MDIs
37
What are prolonged effects of corticosteroid use
Adrenal suppression, impaired healing and immunosuppresion
38
What are leukotriene's -
inflammatory cells byproduct - increase mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction, and bronchial hyperactivity
39
What are the overall result of leukotreine receptor agonists (LTRA)
Antiinflammaroty and bronchodilator activity
40
Uses of LTRA
2nd line for asthma not for COPD
41
What are the adverse reactions for LTRAs
Irritation of stomach mucosa, headache and alteration of liver function
42
What are the uses of methylxanthine
Add on therapy in asthma and COPD that is not controlled with other therapies
43
MoA of methylxanthine
- inhibits phosphodiesterase > increase in cAMP and relax sm. muscles - inhibit contractile PGs, increase cathecolamines
44
What are the side effects of methylxanthine
CNS and cardia stimulation, Increased gastric secretion and diuresis
45
Methylxanthine has a narrow therapeutic index and interacts with these drugs
Benzodiazepines, and macrolide antibiotics
46
When is anti-IgE antibodies indicated
As an ADD On therapyin ALLERGIC asthmatics with elevated serum IgE who have inadequate response to other therapies
47
What is the MoA of anti -IgE abs
Recombinant DNA derived monoclonal abs | Prevent IgE from binding to mast cells and basophils, decreaseing release of allergic inflammatory mediator
48
When is the subcutaneous anti IgE injection given
Once or twice a month
49
What is. The side effect to anti-igE antibodies
Injection site rxn
50
Zafirkulast interacts with this common dent drug
Erythromycin lowers Z levels by 40% = may result in asthma exacerbation
51
Theophylline is respiratory drug interacts with this common Dent drug
Macrolide antibiotics - (erythromycin and clarithromycin) increase T levels > toxic effects. T may diminish benzodiazepines
52
10-28% of asthmatics have a hypersensitivity to
aspirin and NSAID
53
LA with this should be avoided for those with RDs
Sulfite - hypersensitive
54
This analgesic can cause resp depression
Opiods
55
Consideration of N2O2 use
Use with caution dye to the precipitation of apnea (due to high O2 concentration)

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