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GI infections Flashcards

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1
Q

Herpes simple is latent where

A

Trigeminal ganglia

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2
Q

Herpes simple is latent where

A

Trigeminal ganglia

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3
Q

Herpes simple is latent where

A

Trigeminal ganglia

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4
Q

Two viral pharyngitis causes
One bacteria
One parasite

A

EBV
CMV
Group A strep
Toxoplasmosis

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5
Q

Thrush is described how?

Patient type

A

White plaques on tongue capable of being scraped off

Immunocompromised

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6
Q

Hand-foot-and mouth disease.
Age
Begins how (3)
Form with painful vesicular lesions in throat

A

Kids
Mild fever + Sores in mouth + Skin rash
Herpangina

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7
Q

H. pylori
Infection leads to what in stomach
Responsible for most of what two things
Two associated cancers

A

Increased acid production
Chronic gastritis + peptic ulcer disease
Gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma

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8
Q

Three most common causes of enterocolitis

What is most common

A

Rotavirus
Calciviruses
ETEC
Unknown cause most often

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9
Q

Define diarrhea

A

Increase in mass, frequency or fluidity as perceived by patient.

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10
Q

Define dysentery

A

Painful bloody diarrhea

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11
Q

3 bacterial mechanisms of infectious diarrhea

A

Ingestion of preformed toxins
Enterotoxin
Enteroinvasion and cytotoxicity

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12
Q

Lab assessment of secretory diarrhea finds what?

A

No blood or leukocytes present

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13
Q

Lab assessment of exudative diarrhea finds what?

A

Blood and/or leukocytes present

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14
Q

Secretory diarrhea is mainly concerned with what mechanism?

A

Enterotoxin production

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15
Q 
Rotavirus
What age
Cells infected
Resulting loss
Title
Seasonality 
Primary symptom lasts how long
How to test
Vaccine
A 
Children
Mature enterocytes
Loss of absorptive ability
Most common cause of diarrhea in kids
Winter seasonal pattern
8 days
Immunoassay for stool antigen
New vaccine just out
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16
Q 
Norovirus
Responsible for most of what
Two symptoms
Seasonality
DIagnosed how (3)
Most common source
A 
Nonspecific diarrhea
12-60 hours of Vomiting and diarrhea
Summer diarrhea
RIA, PCR, electron microscopy
Contaminated water and food at nursing homes and cruise ships
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17
Q

Adenovirus
Age
Diagnosis

A

4 years old or less

Latex agglutination on stool samples

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18
Q

3 path changes in viral enterocolitis

A

Shortening of villi
Lymphocytosis of lamina propria
Hyperplasia of crypt cells

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19
Q 
Vibrio cholera
Severity
Primary sign 
Main mechanism of path
How to treat
Diagnosis
A

High mortality in untreated due to fluid loss
Rice water stools
Cholera toxin
Supportive care
Stool culture finds yellow colonies on TCBS medium

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20
Q 
ETEC
Common cause of
Recovery type
Two path mechanisms
Inflammation involved
Diarrhea type
A 
Traveler's diarrhea
Self-limited
Heat stable toxin and heat labile toxin
No inflammation
Watery diarrhea
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21
Q

EPEC occurs in what age

A

Pediatric patients

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22
Q 
EHEC
Primary strain
Associated with what complication in kids
Toxin type
Effect in blood
How to diagnose
Two common causes
A 
0157:H7
Hemolytic uremic syndrome in kids
Shiga-toxin like
Causes platelet aggregation and thrombus
Peripheral smear with schistocytes
Incompletely cooked meat and petting zoos
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23
Q 
EIEC
Symptoms identical to what disease
Two symptoms
Utilize what to enter intestinal cells
What toxins
A

Shigella
Diarrhea and fever
Adhesin proteins allow them to be very invasive
No toxins made

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24
Q 
Staph food poisoning
Cause of diarrhea
Common situation
type of toxin
recovery length
A

Preformed toxin
Picnics
Heat stable toxin
2-3 days

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25
Bacillus cereus Cause of diarrhea Associated with what Two toxins, each associated with what
Preformed toxins Cereals like rice Emetic toxin: Vomiting within 6 hours Enterotoxin: Diarrhea disease between 6 and 15 hours after eating
26
Clostridium perfringens Cause of diarrhea Associated with what Title
Preformed toxin Poorly cooked pork Third most common food borne diarrhea cause
27
``` Campylobacteri Jejuni Presentation Common with ingesting what (3) Septicemic form Identify how Title ```
``` Bloody diarrhea with cramping Poultry + Water + Raw milk Campylobacter fetus Stool culture Most common invasive diarrhea in US ```
28
``` Salmonella typhi Type of diarrhea Primarily occurs when Tissue change seen How to diagnose Common sign of disease ```
``` Invasive diarrhea Septicemic form of salmonella Ulcerated peyer's patches Positive blood cultures Rose spots from typhoid fever ```
29
``` Salmonella paratyphoid group Two parts of presentation Species Old diagnosis new diagnosis ```
Bacteremia + GI presentation S. enteritidis O and H typing Genetic analysis
30
``` Shigella Presentation Bacteremic? Flexneri is major cause of what Three signs Associated symptom ```
``` Invasive diarrhea No Endemic disease Mucosal ulceration, Rectal bleed + Dehydration Reiter syndrome ```
31
``` C. Diff Two toxins Other name for disease Associated with what use Sign in bowel Title Why New virulent strain Why is it bad ```
``` Enterotoxin A and Enterotoxin B Pseudomembranous colitis Antimicrobial use Plaques on bowel Most common infectious diarrhea in hospitals Spores spread B1/NAP1 strain Produces 20X as much A and B toxin ```
32
``` Yersinia enterocolitica Presentation Mimics what two diseases How Most common in what locations Spread how (2) ```
``` Invasion with ulceration Mimics Crohn's disease and acute appendicitis Mesenteric granulomatous lymphadenitis Northern lattitudes Milk and meat ```
33
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes what
Disease similar to Y. enterocolitica
34
``` Cryptosporidium parvum Causes what First observed in what Makes this what type of disease Infective dose Places to acquire it (2) Prolonged in who Seasonality ```
``` Watery diarrhea Scouring calves Zoonosis As small as one oocyst Swimming pools + Cattle feedlots Immunocompromised Summer ```
35
Entamoeba histolytica Primary histo finding Liver abscess appears how Special feature of this disease
Flask shaped ulcers of mucosa Anchovy paste Actually digests red blood cells
36
Giardia Type of diarrhea Excreted in poop of what animals (4) Common place to get it
Malabsorption diarrhea Bears, cats, dogs, beaver Daycare centers
37
Nematode: Ascaris lubricoides From fecal oral to where Can cause what in GI
Liver to lungs | intestinal obstruction
38
Nematode: Strongyloides Path into body Go to what organ to induce what How does it get to GI
Live in ground and penetrate bare feet Lungs --> Eosinophilic Larvae are swallowed into GI tract
39
Nematodes: Hookworms (Necatora/Ancyclostoma) Enter body how Get to GI how Main manifestation
Live in ground and penetrate bare feet Larvae are swallowed into GI tract Iron deficiency anemia from blood loss
40
``` Nematodes: Enterobius Live where Females do what at night Result Place to get it Diagnostic ```
``` Large bowel lumen Females go perianal at night to lay eggs Pruritus ani Day care center Scotch tape test ```
41
Cestodes How to get it How do they attach to mucosa
Undercooked meat with larvae | Scolex
42
Cestode diphyllobothrium latum associated with what deficiency
B12
43
Five F's of Food borne illness
``` Feces Flies Fingers Fomites Food ```
44
Diarrhea after traveling to boundary waters, Moscow, or Colorado?
Giardia
45
Diarrhea after going to mexico
ETEC
46
Diarrhea after going to africa or Haiti?
Vibrio cholera
47
Diarrhea after antibiotic medications?
C. Difficile
48
Diarrhea in less than 3 years olds?
Rotavirus
49
Diarrhea in nursing home
Norrovirus
50
Diarrhea in toddler at day care center
Giardia
51
DIarrhea in hospitalized adults
C. diff
52
Diarrhea from canning
C. botulinum
53
Diarrhea from milk
Campy
54
Diarrhea in summer (2)
Cryptosporidium | Norwalk
55
Diarrhea in winter
Rotavirus
56
Diarrhea in 1-6 hours
S. aureus
57
Diarrhea in 1-8 hours
B. cereus
58
Diarrhea in 1-12 hours
C. perfringens
59
Diarrhea in 8-48 hours
Salmonella
60
Diarrhea in 1-3 days
Virus
61
Diarrhea in 1-7 days
Shigellz
62
Diarrhea in 5-25 days
Giardia
63
Mucousy diarrhea cause
Giardia
64
Two viral pharyngitis causes One bacteria One parasite
EBV CMV Group A strep Toxoplasmosis
65
Thrush is described how? | Patient type
White plaques on tongue capable of being scraped off | Immunocompromised
66
Hand-foot-and mouth disease. Age Begins how (3) Form with painful vesicular lesions in throat
Kids Mild fever + Sores in mouth + Skin rash Herpangina
67
H. pylori Infection leads to what in stomach Responsible for most of what two things Two associated cancers
Increased acid production Chronic gastritis + peptic ulcer disease Gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma
68
Three most common causes of enterocolitis | What is most common
Rotavirus Calciviruses ETEC Unknown cause most often
69
Define diarrhea
Increase in mass, frequency or fluidity as perceived by patient.
70
Define dysentery
Painful bloody diarrhea
71
3 bacterial mechanisms of infectious diarrhea
Ingestion of preformed toxins Enterotoxin Enteroinvasion and cytotoxicity
72
Lab assessment of secretory diarrhea finds what?
No blood or leukocytes present
73
Lab assessment of exudative diarrhea finds what?
Blood and/or leukocytes present
74
Secretory diarrhea is mainly concerned with what mechanism?
Enterotoxin production
75
``` Rotavirus What age Cells infected Resulting loss Title Seasonality Primary symptom lasts how long How to test Vaccine ```
``` Children Mature enterocytes Loss of absorptive ability Most common cause of diarrhea in kids Winter seasonal pattern 8 days Immunoassay for stool antigen New vaccine just out ```
76
``` Norovirus Responsible for most of what Two symptoms Seasonality DIagnosed how (3) Most common source ```
``` Nonspecific diarrhea 12-60 hours of Vomiting and diarrhea Summer diarrhea RIA, PCR, electron microscopy Contaminated water and food at nursing homes and cruise ships ```
77
Adenovirus Age Diagnosis
4 years old or less | Latex agglutination on stool samples
78
3 path changes in viral enterocolitis
Shortening of villi Lymphocytosis of lamina propria Hyperplasia of crypt cells
79
``` Vibrio cholera Severity Primary sign Main mechanism of path How to treat Diagnosis ```
High mortality in untreated due to fluid loss Rice water stools Cholera toxin Supportive care Stool culture finds yellow colonies on TCBS medium
80
``` ETEC Common cause of Recovery type Two path mechanisms Inflammation involved Diarrhea type ```
``` Traveler's diarrhea Self-limited Heat stable toxin and heat labile toxin No inflammation Watery diarrhea ```
81
EPEC occurs in what age
Pediatric patients
82
``` EHEC Primary strain Associated with what complication in kids Toxin type Effect in blood How to diagnose Two common causes ```
``` 0157:H7 Hemolytic uremic syndrome in kids Shiga-toxin like Causes platelet aggregation and thrombus Peripheral smear with schistocytes Incompletely cooked meat and petting zoos ```
83
``` EIEC Symptoms identical to what disease Two symptoms Utilize what to enter intestinal cells What toxins ```
Shigella Diarrhea and fever Adhesin proteins allow them to be very invasive No toxins made
84
``` Staph food poisoning Cause of diarrhea Common situation type of toxin recovery length ```
Preformed toxin Picnics Heat stable toxin 2-3 days
85
Bacillus cereus Cause of diarrhea Associated with what Two toxins, each associated with what
Preformed toxins Cereals like rice Emetic toxin: Vomiting within 6 hours Enterotoxin: Diarrhea disease between 6 and 15 hours after eating
86
Clostridium perfringens Cause of diarrhea Associated with what Title
Preformed toxin Poorly cooked pork Third most common food borne diarrhea cause
87
``` Campylobacteri Jejuni Presentation Common with ingesting what (3) Septicemic form Identify how Title ```
``` Bloody diarrhea with cramping Poultry + Water + Raw milk Campylobacter fetus Stool culture Most common invasive diarrhea in US ```
88
``` Salmonella typhi Type of diarrhea Primarily occurs when Tissue change seen How to diagnose Common sign of disease ```
``` Invasive diarrhea Septicemic form of salmonella Ulcerated peyer's patches Positive blood cultures Rose spots from typhoid fever ```
89
``` Salmonella paratyphoid group Two parts of presentation Species Old diagnosis new diagnosis ```
Bacteremia + GI presentation S. enteritidis O and H typing Genetic analysis
90
``` Shigella Presentation Bacteremic? Flexneri is major cause of what Three signs Associated symptom ```
``` Invasive diarrhea No Endemic disease Mucosal ulceration, Rectal bleed + Dehydration Reiter syndrome ```
91
``` C. Diff Two toxins Other name for disease Associated with what use Sign in bowel Title Why New virulent strain Why is it bad ```
``` Enterotoxin A and Enterotoxin B Pseudomembranous colitis Antimicrobial use Plaques on bowel Most common infectious diarrhea in hospitals Spores spread B1/NAP1 strain Produces 20X as much A and B toxin ```
92
``` Yersinia enterocolitica Presentation Mimics what two diseases How Most common in what locations Spread how (2) ```
``` Invasion with ulceration Mimics Crohn's disease and acute appendicitis Mesenteric granulomatous lymphadenitis Northern lattitudes Milk and meat ```
93
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes what
Disease similar to Y. enterocolitica
94
``` Cryptosporidium parvum Causes what First observed in what Makes this what type of disease Infective dose Places to acquire it (2) Prolonged in who Seasonality ```
``` Watery diarrhea Scouring calves Zoonosis As small as one oocyst Swimming pools + Cattle feedlots Immunocompromised Summer ```
95
Entamoeba histolytica Primary histo finding Liver abscess appears how Special feature of this disease
Flask shaped ulcers of mucosa Anchovy paste Actually digests red blood cells
96
Giardia Type of diarrhea Excreted in poop of what animals (4) Common place to get it
Malabsorption diarrhea Bears, cats, dogs, beaver Daycare centers
97
Nematode: Ascaris lubricoides From fecal oral to where Can cause what in GI
Liver to lungs | intestinal obstruction
98
Nematode: Strongyloides Path into body Go to what organ to induce what How does it get to GI
Live in ground and penetrate bare feet Lungs --> Eosinophilic Larvae are swallowed into GI tract
99
Nematodes: Hookworms (Necatora/Ancyclostoma) Enter body how Get to GI how Main manifestation
Live in ground and penetrate bare feet Larvae are swallowed into GI tract Iron deficiency anemia from blood loss
100
``` Nematodes: Enterobius Live where Females do what at night Result Place to get it Diagnostic ```
``` Large bowel lumen Females go perianal at night to lay eggs Pruritus ani Day care center Scotch tape test ```
101
Cestodes How to get it How do they attach to mucosa
Undercooked meat with larvae | Scolex
102
Cestode diphyllobothrium latum associated with what deficiency
B12
103
Five F's of Food borne illness
``` Feces Flies Fingers Fomites Food ```
104
Diarrhea after traveling to boundary waters, Moscow, or Colorado?
Giardia
105
Diarrhea after going to mexico
ETEC
106
Diarrhea after going to africa or Haiti?
Vibrio cholera
107
Diarrhea after antibiotic medications?
C. Difficile
108
Diarrhea in less than 3 years olds?
Rotavirus
109
Diarrhea in nursing home
Norrovirus
110
Diarrhea in toddler at day care center
Giardia
111
DIarrhea in hospitalized adults
C. diff
112
Diarrhea from canning
C. botulinum
113
Diarrhea from milk
Campy
114
Diarrhea in summer (2)
Cryptosporidium | Norwalk
115
Diarrhea in winter
Rotavirus
116
Diarrhea in 1-6 hours
S. aureus
117
Diarrhea in 1-8 hours
B. cereus
118
Diarrhea in 1-12 hours
C. perfringens
119
Diarrhea in 8-48 hours
Salmonella
120
Diarrhea in 1-3 days
Virus
121
Diarrhea in 1-7 days
Shigellz
122
Diarrhea in 5-25 days
Giardia
123
Mucousy diarrhea cause
Giardia
124
Two viral pharyngitis causes One bacteria One parasite
EBV CMV Group A strep Toxoplasmosis
125
Thrush is described how? | Patient type
White plaques on tongue capable of being scraped off | Immunocompromised
126
Hand-foot-and mouth disease. Age Begins how (3) Form with painful vesicular lesions in throat
Kids Mild fever + Sores in mouth + Skin rash Herpangina
127
H. pylori Infection leads to what in stomach Responsible for most of what two things Two associated cancers
Increased acid production Chronic gastritis + peptic ulcer disease Gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma
128
Three most common causes of enterocolitis | What is most common
Rotavirus Calciviruses ETEC Unknown cause most often
129
Define diarrhea
Increase in mass, frequency or fluidity as perceived by patient.
130
Define dysentery
Painful bloody diarrhea
131
3 bacterial mechanisms of infectious diarrhea
Ingestion of preformed toxins Enterotoxin Enteroinvasion and cytotoxicity
132
Lab assessment of secretory diarrhea finds what?
No blood or leukocytes present
133
Lab assessment of exudative diarrhea finds what?
Blood and/or leukocytes present
134
Secretory diarrhea is mainly concerned with what mechanism?
Enterotoxin production
135
``` Rotavirus What age Cells infected Resulting loss Title Seasonality Primary symptom lasts how long How to test Vaccine ```
``` Children Mature enterocytes Loss of absorptive ability Most common cause of diarrhea in kids Winter seasonal pattern 8 days Immunoassay for stool antigen New vaccine just out ```
136
``` Norovirus Responsible for most of what Two symptoms Seasonality DIagnosed how (3) Most common source ```
``` Nonspecific diarrhea 12-60 hours of Vomiting and diarrhea Summer diarrhea RIA, PCR, electron microscopy Contaminated water and food at nursing homes and cruise ships ```
137
Adenovirus Age Diagnosis
4 years old or less | Latex agglutination on stool samples
138
3 path changes in viral enterocolitis
Shortening of villi Lymphocytosis of lamina propria Hyperplasia of crypt cells
139
``` Vibrio cholera Severity Primary sign Main mechanism of path How to treat Diagnosis ```
High mortality in untreated due to fluid loss Rice water stools Cholera toxin Supportive care Stool culture finds yellow colonies on TCBS medium
140
``` ETEC Common cause of Recovery type Two path mechanisms Inflammation involved Diarrhea type ```
``` Traveler's diarrhea Self-limited Heat stable toxin and heat labile toxin No inflammation Watery diarrhea ```
141
EPEC occurs in what age
Pediatric patients
142
``` EHEC Primary strain Associated with what complication in kids Toxin type Effect in blood How to diagnose Two common causes ```
``` 0157:H7 Hemolytic uremic syndrome in kids Shiga-toxin like Causes platelet aggregation and thrombus Peripheral smear with schistocytes Incompletely cooked meat and petting zoos ```
143
``` EIEC Symptoms identical to what disease Two symptoms Utilize what to enter intestinal cells What toxins ```
Shigella Diarrhea and fever Adhesin proteins allow them to be very invasive No toxins made
144
``` Staph food poisoning Cause of diarrhea Common situation type of toxin recovery length ```
Preformed toxin Picnics Heat stable toxin 2-3 days
145
Bacillus cereus Cause of diarrhea Associated with what Two toxins, each associated with what
Preformed toxins Cereals like rice Emetic toxin: Vomiting within 6 hours Enterotoxin: Diarrhea disease between 6 and 15 hours after eating
146
Clostridium perfringens Cause of diarrhea Associated with what Title
Preformed toxin Poorly cooked pork Third most common food borne diarrhea cause
147
``` Campylobacteri Jejuni Presentation Common with ingesting what (3) Septicemic form Identify how Title ```
``` Bloody diarrhea with cramping Poultry + Water + Raw milk Campylobacter fetus Stool culture Most common invasive diarrhea in US ```
148
``` Salmonella typhi Type of diarrhea Primarily occurs when Tissue change seen How to diagnose Common sign of disease ```
``` Invasive diarrhea Septicemic form of salmonella Ulcerated peyer's patches Positive blood cultures Rose spots from typhoid fever ```
149
``` Salmonella paratyphoid group Two parts of presentation Species Old diagnosis new diagnosis ```
Bacteremia + GI presentation S. enteritidis O and H typing Genetic analysis
150
``` Shigella Presentation Bacteremic? Flexneri is major cause of what Three signs Associated symptom ```
``` Invasive diarrhea No Endemic disease Mucosal ulceration, Rectal bleed + Dehydration Reiter syndrome ```
151
``` C. Diff Two toxins Other name for disease Associated with what use Sign in bowel Title Why New virulent strain Why is it bad ```
``` Enterotoxin A and Enterotoxin B Pseudomembranous colitis Antimicrobial use Plaques on bowel Most common infectious diarrhea in hospitals Spores spread B1/NAP1 strain Produces 20X as much A and B toxin ```
152
``` Yersinia enterocolitica Presentation Mimics what two diseases How Most common in what locations Spread how (2) ```
``` Invasion with ulceration Mimics Crohn's disease and acute appendicitis Mesenteric granulomatous lymphadenitis Northern lattitudes Milk and meat ```
153
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes what
Disease similar to Y. enterocolitica
154
``` Cryptosporidium parvum Causes what First observed in what Makes this what type of disease Infective dose Places to acquire it (2) Prolonged in who Seasonality ```
``` Watery diarrhea Scouring calves Zoonosis As small as one oocyst Swimming pools + Cattle feedlots Immunocompromised Summer ```
155
Entamoeba histolytica Primary histo finding Liver abscess appears how Special feature of this disease
Flask shaped ulcers of mucosa Anchovy paste Actually digests red blood cells
156
Giardia Type of diarrhea Excreted in poop of what animals (4) Common place to get it
Malabsorption diarrhea Bears, cats, dogs, beaver Daycare centers
157
Nematode: Ascaris lubricoides From fecal oral to where Can cause what in GI
Liver to lungs | intestinal obstruction
158
Nematode: Strongyloides Path into body Go to what organ to induce what How does it get to GI
Live in ground and penetrate bare feet Lungs --> Eosinophilic Larvae are swallowed into GI tract
159
Nematodes: Hookworms (Necatora/Ancyclostoma) Enter body how Get to GI how Main manifestation
Live in ground and penetrate bare feet Larvae are swallowed into GI tract Iron deficiency anemia from blood loss
160
``` Nematodes: Enterobius Live where Females do what at night Result Place to get it Diagnostic ```
``` Large bowel lumen Females go perianal at night to lay eggs Pruritus ani Day care center Scotch tape test ```
161
Cestodes How to get it How do they attach to mucosa
Undercooked meat with larvae | Scolex
162
Cestode diphyllobothrium latum associated with what deficiency
B12
163
Five F's of Food borne illness
``` Feces Flies Fingers Fomites Food ```
164
Diarrhea after traveling to boundary waters, Moscow, or Colorado?
Giardia
165
Diarrhea after going to mexico
ETEC
166
Diarrhea after going to africa or Haiti?
Vibrio cholera
167
Diarrhea after antibiotic medications?
C. Difficile
168
Diarrhea in less than 3 years olds?
Rotavirus
169
Diarrhea in nursing home
Norrovirus
170
Diarrhea in toddler at day care center
Giardia
171
DIarrhea in hospitalized adults
C. diff
172
Diarrhea from canning
C. botulinum
173
Diarrhea from milk
Campy
174
Diarrhea in summer (2)
Cryptosporidium | Norwalk
175
Diarrhea in winter
Rotavirus
176
Diarrhea in 1-6 hours
S. aureus
177
Diarrhea in 1-8 hours
B. cereus
178
Diarrhea in 1-12 hours
C. perfringens
179
Diarrhea in 8-48 hours
Salmonella
180
Diarrhea in 1-3 days
Virus
181
Diarrhea in 1-7 days
Shigellz
182
Diarrhea in 5-25 days
Giardia
183
Mucousy diarrhea cause
Giardia

Pathology (36 decks)

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