GI pathology

Question 1

Which layer of GI tract is affected by cancer?

Answer 1

Submucosa

Question 2

Which layer of GI tract is strongest

Answer 2

Submucosa

Question 3

Cell type in oesophagus

Answer 3

Non-keratinising stratified squamous epthelium

Question 4

Histological features of duodenum

Answer 4

Brunners glands
Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 5

Histological features of jejunum

Answer 5

Plicae circulares
Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 6

Histological features of ileum

Answer 6

Peyers patches
Goblet cells

Question 7

Histological features of colon

Answer 7

Crypts of Lieberkihn

Question 8

Zenkers diverticulum

Answer 8

False due to lack of muscularis involvement
Bad breath, elderly male

Question 9

Location of Zenkers

Answer 9

Criopharyngeus

Question 10

Plummer Vinson syndrome

Answer 10

Dysphagia
IDA
Oesophageal web

Question 11

Mallory-weiss

Answer 11

Longitudinal tear in oesophagus
2Ls in Mallory are longitudinal

Question 12

Boerhaave syndrome

Answer 12

L posterolateral tear below diaphragm
Subcutaneous emphysema
Oesophagus perf - due to lack of adventitia

Question 13

Where is loss of ganglia cells in achalasia?

Answer 13

Myenteric plexus

Question 14

Where is loss of ganglia cells in Hirschsprungs?

Answer 14

Myenteric and submucosal plexus

Question 15

Which type of cancer does Barrett’s predispose to?

Answer 15

Adenocarcinoma

Question 16

Most common cancer in upper 2/3rd oesophagus

Answer 16

SCC

Question 17

Most common cancer in lower 1/3rd oesophagus

Answer 17

Adenocarcinoma

Question 18

Parietal cells

Answer 18

Produce acid and intrinsic factor

Question 19

Chief cells

Answer 19

Produce pepsinogen
Chiefs like meat

Question 20

G cells

Answer 20

Produce gastrin

Question 21

Which layer of GI tract have nerves in?

Answer 21

Submucosa

Question 22

Type A gastritis

Answer 22

Autoimmune

Question 23

Type B gastritis

Answer 23

H Pylori

Question 24

Likely cause of high gastrin with no ulcer

Answer 24

Pernicious anaemia

Question 25

Likely cause of ulcers in D1

Answer 25

H pylori

Question 26

Likely cause of multiple ulcers in D2/D3

Answer 26

Gastrinoma/ZE

Question 27

Test for gastrinoma

Answer 27

Ocreotide (somatostatin) scan

Question 28

Cell type seen in diffuse stomach cancer

Answer 28

Signet ring cell

Question 29

Causes of gastric lymphoma

Answer 29

Chronic inflammation H pylori B cell lymphoma

Question 30

Genetic mutation in GIST

Answer 30

KIT proto-oncogene CD117 on stain

Question 31

Description of GISR

Answer 31

Smooth-well circumscribed tumour

Question 32

Cause of cholesterol stones

Answer 32

TPN Pregnancy

Question 33

Cause of multifaceted black pigmented stones

Answer 33

Pre hepatic

Question 34

Most common causative organism of ascending cholangitis

Answer 34

E coli

Question 35

PBC

Answer 35

Middle aged women Auto immune Associated with Sjogrens, RA, scleroderma

Question 36

PSC

Answer 36

Onion ring appearance ulcerative colitis Klatskin tumour

Question 37

Gene mutation in pancreatic cancer

Answer 37

K-RAS

Question 38

Courvoisier's law

Answer 38

Painless jaundice with palpable gallbladder

Question 39

C-peptide

Answer 39

Elevated in insulinoma

Question 40

Pancreatic beta cell tumour

Answer 40

Insulinoma

Question 41

Pancreatic alpha cell tumour

Answer 41

Glucagonoma

Question 42

Buttock rash

Answer 42

Glucagonoma HSP

Question 43

Management of glucagonoma

Answer 43

Ocreotide (somatostatin) Surgery

Question 44

Test for carcinoid syndrome

Answer 44

Urine HIAA Pentagastrin stimulation test

Question 45

Location of iron absorption

Answer 45

duodenum

Question 46

Location of B12 absorption

Answer 46

Ileum

Question 47

Location of folate absorption

Answer 47

Jejunum

Question 48

Location of Vit K absorption

Answer 48

Terminal ileum

Question 49

Vitamin deficiency following terminal ileum resection

Answer 49

B12, D, E, K, A

Question 50

Type of kidney stones in Crohn's

Answer 50

Calcium oxalate

Question 51

Hallmark cell in Crohn's disease

Answer 51

Granuloma

Question 52

Hallmark pathology in UC

Answer 52

Crypt abscess

Question 53

Hyperplastic polyp

Answer 53

Flat white

Question 54

Presentation of L sided bowel tumour

Answer 54

Constipation and bleeding

Question 55

Presentation of R sided bowel tumour

Answer 55

IDA

Question 56

Microsatellite instability

Answer 56

HNPCC

Question 57

Lynch syndrome

Answer 57

Gastric ca Endometrial ca Upper tract TCC (urinary)

Question 58

Which side of bowel is HNPCC cancer?

Answer 58

Left

Question 59

FAP

Answer 59

p53 mutation on chromosome 5

Question 60

Which side of bowel is Gardners syndrome cancer?

Answer 60

R side

Question 61

Chromosome 5 instability

Answer 61

FAP/Gardeners

Question 62

Which nerve root causes shoulder tip pain?

Answer 62

C3/C4

Question 63

Most common location for perforation

Answer 63

Caecum

Question 64

Most common location for obstruction

Answer 64

Sigmoid colon

Question 65

Which drug is given to treat pseudo obstruction?

Answer 65

Neostigmine - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Question 66

Most common site of volvulus

Answer 66

Sigmoid

Question 67

Caecal volvulus

Answer 67

Young runners

Question 68

Most common location of anal fissure

Answer 68

Posterior Below dentate line