Lower limb anatomy

Question 1

L4 dermatome

Answer 1

Anterior knee
Medial malleolus
Medial calf

Question 2

L1 dermatome

Answer 2

Groin

Question 3

L2 dermatome

Answer 3

Thigh

Question 4

L3 dermatome

Answer 4

Above and at medial knee

Question 5

L5 dermatome

Answer 5

Lateral knee and great toe

Question 6

S1 dermatome

Answer 6

Lateral malleolus and little toe

Question 7

Hip flexors

Answer 7

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Tensor fascia lata

Question 8

Hip extensors

Answer 8

Gluteus maximus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

Question 9

Hip abductors

Answer 9

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

Question 10

Hip adductors

Answer 10

Adductor brevus
Adductor longs
Adductor magnus

Question 11

Stab to lateral thigh

Answer 11

Gluteus medius

Question 12

Inferior gluteal nerve injury

Answer 12

Supplies gluteus maximus
Weak hip extension
Unable to stand from chair

Question 13

Superior gluteal nerve injury

Answer 13

Supplies gluteus medius and minimus
Trendelenberg test

Question 14

Injury to sciatic nerve

Answer 14

Weakened hip extension and knee flexion

Question 15

Location of sciatic nerve

Answer 15

Inferior border of piriformis

Question 16

Innervation of long head of biceps

Answer 16

Tibial branch of sciatic nerve
ALL OTHER HAMSTRING MUSCLES SUPPLIED BY COMMON PERONEAL

Question 17

Anterior hip dislocation

Answer 17

Abducted and externally rotated

Question 18

Posterior dislocation

Answer 18

Adduction and internal rotated

Question 19

Borders of femoral triangle

Answer 19

Roof - fascia lata
Floor - pectinous, iliopsoas, adductor longus
Superior border - inguinal ligament
Lateral border - medial border of sartorius
Medial border - adductor longus

Question 20

Contents of femoral triangle

Answer 20

Femoral nerve, artery, vein, canal (empty space and lymph nodes)
NAVEL
Femoral nerve outside of sheath

Question 21

Contents of adductor canal

Answer 21

Saphenous nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatic vessels

Question 22

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

Answer 22

Meralgia paresthetica
Tight - clothing
Loose - obesity, pregnancy, cyclist

Question 23

Obturator nerve palsy

Answer 23

Pelvic surgery - radical prostatectomy
Pelvic mass - ovarian mass
Anterior hip dislocation

Question 24

Blood supply to head of femur

Answer 24

Medial circumflex - MOST important
Lateral circumflex

Question 25

Atraumatic causes of AVN

Answer 25

Steroids Sickle cell disease SLE Spirits (alcohol)

Question 26

ACL injury

Answer 26

Sudden haemarthrosis Pop ACL slender and weaker

Question 27

PCL injury

Answer 27

Anterior force to tibia

Question 28

Collateral ligaments

Answer 28

Valgus force --> MCL Varus force --> LCL

Question 29

Medial meniscus

Answer 29

Bucket handle tear

Question 30

Pes Anserinus

Answer 30

Semitendinosis tendon Gracilis tendon Sartorius tendon Runners Hill walking

Question 31

Most superficial nerve when approaching popliteal fossa

Answer 31

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Question 32

Popliteal fossa

Answer 32

Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Common peroneal nerve Tibial nerve

Question 33

Nerve at danger during Baker's cyst repair

Answer 33

Saphenous nerve

Question 34

Anterior compartment lower leg

Answer 34

Tibias anterior EDL EHL Peroneus tertius

Question 35

Innervation of anterior compartment lower leg

Answer 35

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 36

Superficial posterior muscles of lower leg

Answer 36

Gastroc Plantaris Soleus

Question 37

Innervation of superficial and deep posterior compartment lower leg

Answer 37

Tibial nerve

Question 38

Deep posterior muscles of lower leg

Answer 38

Tibialis posterior FHL FDL Popliteus

Question 39

Lateral muscles of lower leg

Answer 39

Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis

Question 40

Innervation of lateral compartment lower leg

Answer 40

Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 41

Common peroneal nerve injury

Answer 41

Foot drop Lateral side of lower leg

Question 42

Innervation of sensation on lateral foot

Answer 42

Sural (tibial) nerve

Question 43

Innervation of sensation of 1st webspace

Answer 43

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 44

Contents of tarsal tunnel

Answer 44

Tom, Dick And Very Nervous Harry Tibialis posterior tendon flexor Digitorum longus tendon posterior tibial Artery posterior tibial Vein tibial Nerve flexor Hallucis longus

Question 45

ATFL

Answer 45

Always Tears First

Question 46

Sinus tarsi syndrome

Answer 46

Between calcaneum and talus

Question 47

Lisfranc joint

Answer 47

Between cuneiforms and metatarsals

Question 48

Chopart joint

Answer 48

Between talus and navicular

Question 49

Most common site of stress fracture

Answer 49

2nd metatarsal

Question 50

Mortons neuroma

Answer 50

Neural degeneration and perineurial fibrosis between 3rd and 4th metatarsals

Question 51

Lymph drainage from lower limb

Answer 51

Superficial T Horizontal --> scrotum and labia Vertical --> lower limb Superficial --> deep --> external iliac --> common iliac