MCQ day Flashcards
1
Q
Most likely site of mets from Paget’s disease causing primary bone tumour
A
Lungs
2
Q
Most likely site of mets from sarcoma
A
Lungs
3
Q
Most likely cause of abdo pain with prev history of intussception
A
Meckel’s diverticulum
4
Q
Tissue found in Meckel’s
A
Gastric and pancreatic tissue
5
Q
Organism causing gas in biliary tree/urinary system
A
E. coli
6
Q
Where are cells responding to an initial decrease in BP
A
Carotid sinus
7
Q
What does the GFR have to decrease by before a rise in creatinine?
A
50%
8
Q
Which cell changes do not have increased risk of malignancy?
A
Women - apocrine metaplasia of breast
Men - BPH
9
Q
HbA1c to carry out elective operating
A
<69
10
Q
Organism causing blue gallbladder
A
Salmonella typhi
11
Q
Which blood test is needed prior to haemodialysis?
A
Hep B
12
Q
Which nerve is encountered superficially during a midline incision of popliteal fossa?
A
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
13
Q
Which investigation is needed prior to commencing trastuzumab?
A
Echo
14
Q
Which structure is visualised first on TOE?
A
L atrium
15
Q
When do you have to stop dipyramidole prior to surgery?
A
2 days
16
Q
Which drug causes irreversible inhibition of platelets?
A
Aspirin
17
Q
Which embryological structure gives rise to eyes?
A
Surface ectoderm
18
Q
What is likely biochemical derangement in continued diuresis?
A
Hypokalaemia
Hypernatraemia
Metabolic alkalosis
19
Q
What type of cell does tetani act on?
A
Interneuron
20
Q
Most likely causative organism of osteomyelitis of foot
A
Pseudomonas
21
Q
Cause of hyponatraemia following head injury
A
Supra optic nucleus
22
Q
Possible consequence of pre op blood transfusion
A
Decreased 2-3 BPG
23
Q
Which cells allow liver regeneration?
A
Stabile cells
24
Q
What is the anterior border of posterior abdominal wall hernia?
A
IQ 12
Internal oblique - anterior/lateral
Quadratus lumborum - medial
Lower border of 12th rib - superior
25
Electrolyte findings in tumour lysis syndrome
Hyperphosphataemia
Hypocalcaemia
26
Which skin cancer in more common on top/bottom lip?
BullShit
BCC on top
SCC on bottom
27
What is the pleural vs serum protein findings in malignant pleural effusion?
Pleural protein : serum protein > 0.5 in malignant pleural effusion
28
Decreased amount of which gas leads to post-op atelectasis?
Nitrogen
29
Which diabetes drugs need to be omitted pre-op?
SGLT2 inhibitors
Dapagliflozin
30
Cause of woody thyroid in young person
Reidel's thyroiditis
31
Cause of woody thyroid in elderly person
Anaplastic thyroid ca
32
Location of lymph nodes in cancer of tip of tongue
Submental
33
Location of lymph nodes in eyelid cancer
Preauricular
34
Cause of recurrent ear infection in child
Levator veli palatini
35
Clotting factor produced outside liver parenchyma
VIII
36
Which muscle likely affected in supracondylar fracture?
FPL (AIN)
37
Which muscle likely affected in distal radius fracture?
EPL
38
Lymphatic drainage and blood supply of upper 1/3rd of oesophagus
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Inferior thyroid artery
39
Lymphatic drainage of middle 1/3rd of oesophagus
Mediastinal lymph nodes
40
Lymphatic drainage of lower 1/3rd of oesophagus
L gastric and coeliac lymph nodes
41
Drug causing thrombocytopenia
Linezolid
42
Cause of anaemia in resection of terminal ileum
Macrocytosis
Low B12
43
What method of fracture fixation leads to primary bone healing?
Compression plating
44
Cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell anaemia
Salmonella
45
ERAS
Remove NG tube post operatively
46
Lateral leg numbness, weakness of dorsiflexion
L4-L5
47
ECG findings in hypocalcaemia
Long QT
Long ST
48
ECG findings in hypercalcaemia
Short QT
Short ST
49
ECG findings in hyperkalaemia
ST elevation
Tall T waves
Long PR
Widened qrs
50
ECG findings in hypokalaemia
Depressed ST
Inverted T wave
U wave
51
Cause of extrinsic compression of oesophagus
Aortic arch
52
Imaging used to detect venous thrombus
MRI
53
Most likely location of perforation in coeliac disease
Ileum
54
Where are Peyer's patches found
Ileum
55
Where is iron absorbed?
Duodenum
56
Where is B12 absorbed?
Terminal ileum
57
Where is folic acid absorbed?
Jejunum
58
Farmer with bloody diarrhoea and erythema nodosum
Yersinia enterocolitis
59
Wound infection following appendicitis/diverticulitis
Bacteroides fragilis
60
Minimum body temp before returning patient from theatre to ward
36
61
Which reflexes return first in spinal shock?
Deep plantar
62
Condition to test for before initiation of infliximab
TB
63
What type of drug is infliximab?
TNF factor inhibitor
64
SE of nitrofurantoin
Pulmonary fibrosis
65
Most common location of anal fissure
Posterior midline, distal to dentate line
66
Flagellated bacteria
Salmonella
67
Most likely location of bowel cancer with fatigue and iron deficiency anaemia
R sided bowel ca
68
Enzymes broken down by lactulose
Fructose and galactose
69
Active location of lactulose
Colon
70
Most common cell type found in granuloma
Epitheloid histiocyte
71
Location of lymphatic spread with uterine fundus tumour
Para-aortic
72
Type of amyloid found in carpal tunnel mass
Beta 2 microglobulin
73
Type of amyloid found in heart
ATTR, transthyretin
74
Life span of platelet
7-10 days
75
Location of Ludwig's angina
Submandibular space
76
Muscle dividing submandibular space
Mylohyoid
77
Drug cause vasoconstriction of efferent arteriole
Angiotensin II
78
Test for gastrinoma
Secretin stimulation test
79
Most common location of ectopic testes
Superficial inguinal pouch
80
Cause of decreased respiratory rate with increased oxygenation in COPD
Carotid body stimulation
81
Location of Peyer's patches
Submucosa
82
Location of oesophageal varices
Submucosa
83
Location of Brunner's glands
Submucosa (duodenum)
84
Location of muscle weakness leading to haemorrhoids
Submucosa
85
Cause of cleft lip
Failure of fusion of maxillary and inter maxillary processes
86
Cause of dumping syndrome
Release of insulin
87
Which part of muscle does not change size during contraction?
A band
88
What is the difference between omphalocoele/gastroschisis?
Omphalocoele - overcoat, central
Gastroschisis - no peritoneum, R sided
89
Which bone likely to be dislocated when presenting with median nerve palsy?
Lunate
90
Damage to which nerve causes change in pitch?
Superior laryngeal nerve
91
Cause of bilious vomiting with scaphoid abdomen
Duodenal atresia
92
Injury to which tendon causing lack of flexion of DIP
FDP
93
Thumb dermatome
C6
94
Middle finger dermatome
C7
95
Location of renin production
Juxta glomerulosa
96
Location of aldosterone production
Zona glomerulosa
97
Location of sodium concentration
Macula densa
98
Electrolyte disturbance in gastric outlet obstruction
Hypochloraemia
Hypokalaemia
Alkalosis
99
Anterior neck mass causing ear pain
Vagus nerve
100
Cause of red, non-painful arm swellings in a gardener
Sporothrix Schenkii (fungus)
101
ECG findings in hypothermia
Prolonged PR
J wave
102
Lymph node spread in uterine body ca
External iliac nodes
103
Lymph node spread in cervical ca
Internal iliac nodes
104
First component of blood to be affected following splenectomy
Reticulocytes
105
Post splenectomy GI pathology
Gastric dilatation
106
Post splenectomy resp pathology
Basal atelectasis
107
First site of resistance on catheter insertion
Membranous urethra
108
Tumour characterised by nuclear pseudopalisades
Glioblastoma multiforme
109
3 pops in LP
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
110
Cells found in CSF in bacterial meningitis
Neutrophils
111
Cells found in CSF in viral meningitis
Lymphocytes
112
Pre malignant cell change
Dysplasia
113
Origin of stapes
2nd pharyngeal arch
114
Which nerve is at risk in carotid endarterectomy?
Hypoglossal nerve
115
MOA ciprofloxacin
DNA gyrase
Gyrating on dance floor = ruptured achilles heel
116
Paeds fluids calculation
40mls first 10kg
20ml next 10kg
1ml/kg thereafter
117
AAA repair
Thrombosis of artery of Adamkiewicz
118
Where does urine drain to in extraperitoneal bladder rupture?
Retropubic space
119
Blood supply of L colon
IMA
120
Best M&M predictor following lung resection
FEV 1
121
Supply to head of femur in children
Ligamentum teres
122
Nerve involved in turning head
Accessory nerve
123
Innervation of external urethral sphincter
S2, S3, & S4
124
Post-synaptic fibres to supply lacrimal gland
Pterygopalantine ganglion
125
Nerve roots affected in Horner's syndrome
C8 & T1
126
Nerve at risk during posterolateral approach to ankle
Sural nerve
127
Cause of increased BP and decreased HR in head injury (Cushing's reflex)
Sympathetic stimulation due to raised ICP
128
IgG
Plasma cell
129
Muscle covering lateral border of T12 to L4
Psoas major
130
Port-wine urine
Acute intermittent porphyria
131
Gene involved in MEN1
MEN gene
132
Gene involved in MEN 2a & 2b
RET gene
133
Order of structures anterior to posterior at renal hilum
V A U
134
Where do R&L pulmonary arteries arise from
6th pharyngeal arch
135
Which transport system does aldosterone activate
Na+/K+ in collecting ducts
136
Where does vertebral arch arise from
Subclavian
137
Cause of dark irregular gallstones
Unconjugated bilirubin
138
Post splenectomy bloods
Howell-Jolly
Thrombocytosis
139
Cause of gastric fundus varices
Splenic vein thrombosis
140
Structure at risk in injury to medial third of R clavicle
R subclavian
141
Vein involved in varicocele
Testicular win
142
Which layer surrounds hydrocele
Tunica vaginalis
143
Bony finding in multiple myeloma
Osteolytic lesions
144
Level of IVC formation
L5
145
Level of aorta bifurcation
L4
146
Which respiratory parameter does BMI impact
Functional residual capacity
147
Where does R testicular vein drain into
IVC
148
Where does L testicular vein drain into
L renal vein
149
Where is EPO produced
PCT in peritubular cells
150
Where is vit D1 hydroxylated
PCT
151
Where is vit D25 hydroxylated
Liver
152
Why is urine output decreased after surgery
Increased vasopressin release
153
Location of ischiorectal abscess
Medial to pudendal canal
154
Location of annular pancreas
Second part of duodenum
155
What does warfarin inhibit
Prothrombin
156
Location of safe emergency airway
Stab incision in cricothyroid membrane
157
Benign breast condition in smoker
Subareolar mastitis
158
Cause of post-op paralytic ileus
Substance P receptor
159
Cause of yellow granules
Actinomyces
160
Nerves at cerebellopontine angle
5, 7 & 8
161
Surface markings of internal jugular vein
Lower lobe of ear to sterno clavicular joint
162
Primary metabolic effect if adrenalin
Glycolysis
163
Which structure blocked if all ventricles dilated
Superior sagittal sinus
164
Where about on the bladder do the ureters pierce
Posterior surface
165
Well circumscribed mass on greater curvature of stomach
GIST
166
Artery supplying Little's area
Sphenopalantine artery
167
Recurrent mastoid infection, surgical management, altered taste
Glossopharyngeal nerve
168
Cause of cardiac muscle contraction
Influx of calcium through sarcolemma
169
Painful goitre
Subacute thyroiditis
170
Normal pulse pressure
40mmHg
171
Enzyme involved in autodigestion of pancreas
Trypsin
172
Which vessels dilate to lower BP following exercise
Pre capillary sphincters
