Oncology pathology

Question 1

CIS

Answer 1

Abnormal cells in all layers
Does not breach basement membrane

Question 2

Dysplasia

Answer 2

Abnormal cells not present in all layers

Question 2

Features of neoplastic cells

Answer 2

Increased pleomorphism
Increased hyperchromatic nuclei
Increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio
Increased mitoses
Loss of cell polarity - all have same function

Question 3

Mechanism of metastasis

Answer 3

Reduced E-cadherin expression
Increased collagenase expression
Increased neovascularisation

Question 4

Anapaestic cell

Answer 4

Does not resemble native tissue

Question 5

CEA

Answer 5

Bowel ca
Also thyroid, breast, liver, lung, oesophagus, stomach

Question 6

Ca 19-9

Answer 6

Pancreatic cancer

Question 7

Ca 125

Answer 7

Ovarian

Question 8

Ca 153

Answer 8

Breast

Question 9

Cancers spread via blood

Answer 9

Sarcoma
Follicular thyroid carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Renal adenocarcinoma
Choriocarcinoma

Question 10

Where does sarcoma most commonly metastasise?

Answer 10

Lungs

Question 11

Cancers spread via lymphatics

Answer 11

Most carcinomas

Question 12

Transcoelomic spread

Answer 12

Krukenberg tumour - gastric cancer which drops onto ovary

Question 13

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 13

Genes involved in normal cell growth

Question 14

PDGF

Answer 14

Oncogene
Brain
Growth factor in brain

Question 15

HER 2

Answer 15

Oncogene
Growth factor receptor
Breast

Question 16

RAS

Answer 16

FAP
Oncogene
Signal transduction

Question 17

p53

Answer 17

Tumour suppressor gene

Question 18

Conditions involving p53 germ line mutation

Answer 18

• Retinoblastoma
• BRCA 1 + 2
• HPNCC
• FAP
• Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Question 19

Aflatoxin

Answer 19

HCC carcinogen

Question 20

Aniline dyes

Answer 20

Bladder carcinogen

Question 21

Asbestos

Answer 21

Lung/mesothelioma

Question 22

Arsenic

Answer 22

SCC, angiosarcoma

Question 23

Smoking

Answer 23

Oropharyngeal
Bladder
Pancreas

Question 24

Alcohol

Answer 24

Oesophagus Liver

Question 25

Radiation

Answer 25

Skin Thyroid

Question 26

Radon

Answer 26

Lung

Question 27

Nitrosamine

Answer 27

Sausages Stomach

Question 28

Wood dust

Answer 28

Nasopharyngeal

Question 29

Vinyl chloride

Answer 29

Liver angiosarcoma

Question 30

EBV carcinogen

Answer 30

Burkitts lymphoma Hodgkins lymphoma Nasopharyngeal

Question 31

Hep B & C carcinogen

Answer 31

HCC

Question 32

HPC 16 18 carcinogen

Answer 32

Cervical Penile Head & neck

Question 33

H. pylori carcinogen

Answer 33

Gastric adenocarcinoma MALToma

Question 34

Schistosomiasis haemotobium

Answer 34

SCC bladder

Question 35

Liver fluke - clonorchis sinensis

Answer 35

Cholangiocarcinoma

Question 36

Cisplatin and carboplatin

Answer 36

Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity

Question 37

Vincristine

Answer 37

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 38

Bleomycin and busulfan

Answer 38

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 39

Trastruzumab and doxorubicin

Answer 39

Cardiotoxicity Need ECG prior

Question 40

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 40

Haemorrhagic cystitis

Question 41

Methotrexate

Answer 41

Myelosuppression

Question 42

PDL-1 theapy

Answer 42

Must have PDL-1 levels checked prior