Thorax anatomy Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
Level of hyoid bone
A
C3
2
Q
C4
A
Bifurcation of common carotid artery and thyroid cartilage
3
Q
L4
A
Bifurcation of trachea and aorta
4
Q
C6
A
Trachea begins
Oesophagus begins
Cricoid cartilage
5
Q
Distance from incisior to oesophagus
A
15cm
6
Q
T2 surface landmark
A
Suprasternal notch
7
Q
T4 surface landmark
A
Angle of Louis
8
Q
T8
A
IVC
9
Q
T9 surface landmark
A
Xiphisternum
10
Q
T10
A
Oesophagus
11
Q
T12
A
Aorta
12
Q
L1
A
Transpyloric plane
13
Q
L2
A
Renal vessels, thoracic duct, azygous vein
14
Q
L3
A
Umbilicus
15
Q
L4
A
Bifurcation of aorta & trachea, iliac crest
16
Q
L5
A
Commencement of IVC
17
Q
Most common paeds murmur
A
PDA & coarctation of aorta
Below L clavicle radiating into back
18
Q
Aortic valve
A
2nd ICS, R sternal edge
19
Q
Pulmonary valve
A
2nd ICS, L sternal edge
20
Q
Tricuspid valve
A
5th ICS, L sternal edge
21
Q
Mitral valve
A
5th ICS, mid-clavicular line
22
Q
Apex of heart stabbing
A
L mid clavicular line, 5th intercostal space
23
Q
Which chamber of heart is most anterior in chest?
A
R ventricle
24
Q
Beck’s triad - CARDIAC TAMPONADE
A
Hypotension
JVP distension
Muffled heart sounds
25
ECG finding in cardiac tamponade
Pulsus alternans
26
Transoesophageal echo
Visualises L atrium
LA causes dysphagia
27
Branches of aorta
ABC'S
Arch of aorta
Brachiocephalic
Common carotid
Subclavian
28
Deceleration injury
Aortic isthmus --> LATERAL to L subclavian
Leading to radio femoral delay
29
Difference between FAST and eFAST
FAST = heart, suprapubic and 2 flanks
eFAST includes lungs
30
Diastole
Heart relaxes and receives blood
31
R&L coronary arteries
RIGHT at the front otherwise you will be LEFT behind
R coronary - comes off at front of aortic root
L coronary - comes off at back of aortic root
32
Subendocardium
Most likely to become ischaemic --> papillary necrosis
33
Drainage of thesbian/anterior cardiac veins
R atrium
34
Shape of R main bronchus
Larger
Shorter
Vertical
35
Aspiration pneumonia consolidation when supine
Bottom of upper lobe
Top of lower lobe
36
Primary spontaneous pnuemothorax
Tall, thin male smokers
37
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
Lung disease, bullae
38
Tension pneumothorax
Distended neck veins
Hypotensive
Absent breath sounds
39
Management of tension pneumothorax
Needle decompression
Adults - safe triangle
Paeds - 2nd intercostal space, mid clavicular line
40
Safe triangle
Above nipple/5th intercostal space
Below apex axilla
Anterior border of latissimus dorsi
Lateral border of pec major
41
Attachments of diaphragm
R & L crura
Lower 6th costal cartilages and ribs
Xiphoid of sternum
42
Indication for cervical sympathectomy
Hyperhidrosis
Raynaud's disease
Facial flushing
43
Likely level of injury for stellate ganglion
T1
Fat pad sign
44
Superior sulcus syndrome
Pancoast tumour
Lung cancer in apex
45
Horner's syndrome
T1
Neck pain
Radiating pain to ulnar side of arm/hand
Paraesthesia of the hand
46
T4
ANGLE OF LOUIS
2nd rib
Superior/inferior mediastinal plane
Aortic arch
Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
Azygous vein enters SVC
Bifurcation of trachea
47
Anterior wall of superior mediastinum
Manubrium
48
Anterior wall of inferior mediastinum
Body
49
Structures in posterior mediastinum
DATES
Descending thoracic aorta
Azygous
Thoracic duct
Esophagus
Sympathetic trunk
50
Nerve anterior to lung
Phrenic nerve
51
Nerve posterior to lung
Vagus nerve
52
Most posterior structure at lung hilum
Pulmonary vein
53
Phrenic nerve
Front of hilum
Front of scalene anterior
54
Location of roots of brachial plexus
Scalene triangle
55
Where does azygous drain into SVC?
Behind hilum at angle of Louis
56
Lymph node drainage of stomach cancer
Coeliac plexus --> Virchow's node
57
Level of ligation of thoracic duct
T12
58
Location of thoracic duct
Behind oesophagus until T5 then L lateral
Behind carotid sheath until C7
59
Oesophageal constrictions
A - aorta
B - left Bronchus
C - cricopharyngeus
D - diaphragm
60
Cell lining of oesophagus
Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
61
Upper 1/3rd oesophagus
Supraclavicular nodes
Inferior thyroid artery
62
Middle 1/3rd oesophagus
Mediastinal nodes
Mediastinal artery
63
Lower 1/3rd oesophagus
Coeliac nodes
Coeliac trunk
64
Nerve injury following mastectomy
Intercostobrachial numbness in axilla
65
Long thoracic nerve injury
C567 - punch up to heaven
Serratus anterior (rotates scapula)
Winging of scapula
66
Thoracodorsal nerve injury
Latissimus dorsi
Unable to push oneself up, unable to lift suitcase
67
Medial and lateral pectoral nerve injury
Pec major and minor
68
Intercostobrachial nerve injury
Axilla, anaesthesia of inner arm
