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GI Physiology Flashcards

(60 cards)

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0
Q

Neurocrine from vagus nerve to G cells

A

GRP/Bombesin

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1
Q

Most potent stimuli for gastrin secretion

A

Phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine

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2
Q

GI Hormone classified as incretin

A

GIP, GLP-1, glucagon

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3
Q

GI hormone responsible for the interdigestive/migrating myoelectric complex

A

Motilin

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4
Q

Inhibits appetite; found at the ventromedial hypothalamus

A

Satiety center

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5
Q

Stimulates appetite; found at the lateral hypothalamic area

A

Appetite/ hunger center

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6
Q

Sends signals to satiety & hunger centers

A

Arcuate nucleus

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7
Q

Releases POMC to decrease appetite

A

Anorexigenic neurons

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8
Q

Releases Neuropeptide Y to increase appetite

A

Orexigenic neurons

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9
Q

Stimulates anorexigenic neurons, inhibits orexigenic neurons

A

Leptin (fat cells), insulin, GLP-1

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10
Q

Inhibit anorexigenic neurons

A

Ghrelin (gastric cells)

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11
Q

Inhibits ghrelin

A

Peptide YY

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12
Q

What is the most common stimulus of peristalsis?

A

Distension

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13
Q

What is the myenteric reflex?

A

Muscles upstream contract, muscles downstream exhibit receptive relaxation

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14
Q

What is the law of the gut?

A

Myenteric reflex + anal direction of peristalsis

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15
Q

How long does it take to transfer material from pylorus to ileocecal valve?

A

3-5 hrs

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16
Q

How long does it take to transfer material from ileocecal valve to colon?

A

8-15 hrs

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17
Q

Receptive relaxation of the stomach, vasovagal reflex mediated by

A

VIP

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18
Q

Capacity of the stomach

A

1.5 L or 400g of food

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19
Q

Gastric emptying duration

A

3 hrs

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20
Q

Inhibitor of gastric emptying

A

Fat

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21
Q

Urge to defecate, once rectum is

A

25% filled

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22
Q

Vomiting center

A

Medulla

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23
Q

Saliva, serous secretion

A

Parotid gland

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24
Saliva, mixed secretion
Submandibular, sublingual glands
25
Saliva, effect of parasympa NS
Increase salivation, serous
26
Effect of sympa NS
Increase salivation, mucoid
27
Initial saliva is high in
Na, Cl
28
Final saliva is high in
HCO3, K
29
Hormone involved in absorbing Na at the ductal cells
Aldosterone
30
At high flow rates, saliva has
Low K; High Na, Cl, HCO3
31
At low flow rates, saliva has
High K; Low Na, Cl, HCO3
32
Contains mucus neck cells, parietal cells & chief cells
Oxyntic glands (body)
33
Contains G cells, mucus cells
Pyloric glands (antrum)
34
Secretes mucus & HCO3
Mucus cells, mucus neck cells
35
Secretes HCl & IF
Parietal cells/ Oxyntic cells
36
Secretes gastrin
G cells
37
Secretes serotonin
Enterochromaffin cells
38
Secretes histamine
Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells
39
Secretes pepsinogen
Chief/peptic cells
40
How do you absorb glucose & galactose from lumen to intestinal cells
SGLT-1
41
How do you absorb fructose from lumen to intestinal cell?
GLUT 5
42
How do you absorb glucose, galactose & fructose from intestinal cell to blood?
GLUT 2
43
What is the optimum pH for pepsin activity?
pH 1.0 - 3.0
44
Which is essential for protein digestion, pepsin or trypsin?
Trypsin
45
Bile salts inactivates pancreatic lipase. What pancreatic coenzyme is secreted to prevent this from happening?
Procolipase to colipase
46
What is the only product of TAG metabolism that is NOT hydrophobic?
Glycerol
47
What type of fatty acids go directly to the portal vein instead of the lacteals?
Short chain & medium chain FA
48
Main site for water reabsorption
Jejunum
49
Potassium is absorbed at
Large intestine
50
Potassium is secreted at
Small intestines
51
Primary ion secreted in the intestinal lumen
Chloride
52
Needed to absorb Vit B12
Intrinsic factor
53
Needed to absorb calcium
1,25 (OH)2 cholecalciferol/ Calcitriol
54
Needed to absorb iron
Vitamin C
55
Part of the metabolism of these vitamins involves colonic flora
Vit K, B1, B2, B12
56
Liver zone first to encounter toxins
Zone 1 (peripheral)
57
Liver zone susceptible to hypoxia
Zone 3 (centrilobular)
58
Ito cells
Space of Disse; Vitamin A storage
59
Kuppfer cells
Liver sinusoids; APC

Physiology (11 decks)

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