Defined by presence of ovaries/testes
Gonadal sex
Defined by sex chromosome
Genetic sex
Defined by characteristics of internal genital tract & external genitalia
Phenotypic sex
Secreted by Sertoli cells to cause atrophy of Mullerian ducts
Antimullerian hormone
Secreted by Leydig cells for growth of Wolffian ducts
Testosterone
Which substance is suspected to initiate puberty?
Melatonin
What conditions may inhibit onset of puberty?
Stress, malnutrition
What is the first event in male puberty?
Testicular enlargement
What is the first event in female puberty?
Breast enlargement
Which hormone causes adrenarche (pubic hair, axillary hair development) in females?
Adrenal androgens
Seminiferous tubules
Sperm production
Epididymis
Sperm maturation, motility
Vas deferens
Sperm storage
Seminal vesicle
Sperm nutrition (fructose, prostaglandins)
Prostate gland
Semen alkalinity (spermine)
Bulbourethral glands
Mucus
Testes temperature
1-2 degree celcius cooler
Responsible for testes temperature
Countercurrent exchange of the testicular vessels
Duration of spermatogenesis
64 days
Sperm production per day
128 million
“Activation” of sperm in the female genital tract for 4-6 hrs
Capacitation
What is the enzyme that convert androstenidione to testosterone?
17-B Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
What is the enzyme that convert testosterone to androstenidione?
5a Reductase
What is the 5a reductase inhibitor used for male pattern baldness & BPH?
Finasteride
Cell which determines sex of baby
Sperm cell
Part of the sperm cell that contains hyaluronidase, proteolytic enzymes
Acrosome
Acrosome comes from which organelle?
Golgi apparatus
Definition of low sperm count
<20 million sperms/mL
Sequela of cryptorchidism
Infertility, testicular CA
Loss of body hair, musculature, thick bones, decreased libido
Castration after puberty
Vestigeal remnant of the 3rd eye; secretes melatonin which is involve in reproduction & sex drive
Pineal gland
Produced by ovarian granulosa cell & inhibits FSH secretion from anterior pituitary
Inhibin
Produced by ovarian granulosa cell & stimulates FSH secretion from anterior pituitary
Activin
Average age of menarche
13 yo
Average age menopause
45 yo
Number of lifetime mature follicles
400 follicles
Peak of sexual desire
Just before ovulation
Helps in fertility
Female orgasms
Fertilized ovum implanting on uterus
Blastocyst
Sperm has ____ to fertilize the egg
1-5 days
Egg has _______ to be fertilized
24 hrs
Site of fertilization
Ampulla of the oviduct