Respiratory Physiology

Question 0

Amount of air inspired & expired during quiet breathing

Answer 0

TV

Question 1

Cannot be measured directly by spirometry

Answer 1

RV, TLC, FRC

Question 2

Maintains oxygenation in between breaths

Answer 2

RV

Question 3

Equilibrium/resting volume of the lung

Answer 3

FRC

Question 4

Marker for lung function

Answer 4

FRC

Question 5

What happens to the FEV1 & FVC in patients w/ obstructuve & restrictive lung diseases

Answer 5

Decrease

Question 6

What is the FEV1/PVC ratio of a healthy person

Answer 6

0.8

Question 7

What happens to the FEV1/PVC ratio in a patient with obstructive lung diseases?

Answer 7

Decreased

Question 8

What happens to the FEV1/PVC ratio in a patient with restrictive lung diseases?

Answer 8

Normal or increased

Question 9

Cells that produce surfactant

Answer 9

Type 2 pneumocytes

Question 10

Main component of surfactant

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

Active component of surfactant

Answer 11

Dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine/Lecithin

Question 12

Mechanism for DPPC reducing surface tension

Answer 12

Amphipathic nature (hydrophobic & hydrophilic nature)

Question 13

Effect of surfactant on lung compliance

Answer 13

Increase

Question 14

Start of surfactant production

Answer 14

24th week AOG

Question 15

Maturation of surfactant

Answer 15

35th wk AOG

Question 16

Test for surfactant

Answer 16

Amniotic L:S ratio

Question 17

What is the only form of gas thy contributes to partial pressure

Answer 17

Dissolved gas

Question 18

What is the only gas in inspired air found exclusively as dissolved gas

Answer 18

Nitrogen

Question 19

O2 transport at rest

Answer 19

Perfusion-limited

Question 20

O2 transport during exercise & diseases states

Answer 20

Diffusion-limited

Question 21

O2 transport in high altitude

Answer 21

Slow

Question 22

Equilibration of O2 at sea level

Answer 22

1/3 length of pulmonary capillary

Question 23

Equilibration of O2 at high altitude

Answer 23

2/3 length of pulmonary capillary

Question 24

Percentage of dissolved O2

Answer 24

2%

Question 25

Percentage of O2 bound to Hb

Answer 25

98%

Question 26

Hb with attached O2

Answer 26

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 27

Hb without attached O2

Answer 27

Deoxyhemoglobin

Question 28

Hb with Fe3, does not bind O2

Answer 28

Methemoglobin

Question 29

Max O2 binding w/ Hb

Answer 29

O2 binding capacity

Question 30

% of blood that gives up its O2 as it passes through the tissues

Answer 30

Utilization coefficient

Question 31

90% of CO2 in the blood

Answer 31

HCO3

Question 32

5% of CO2 in blood

Answer 32

Dissolved CO2

Question 33

3% of CO2 in blood

Answer 33

CarbaminoHb

Question 34

Cl-HCO3 exchange in the RBC

Answer 34

Chloride shift (using band 3 protein)

Question 35

O2 affecting affinity of CO2/H to Hb

Answer 35

Haldane effect

Question 36

CO2/H affecting affinity of O2 to Hb

Answer 36

Bohr effect

Question 37

Pulmonary pressure & resistance

Answer 37

< Systemic circulation

Question 38

Pulmonary circulation: blood flow

Answer 38

= systemic circulation

Question 39

Pulmonary blood flow: supine

Answer 39

Same through the entire lung

Question 40

Pulmonary blood flow:

Answer 40

Lowest at the apex, highest at the base

Question 41

Effect of hypoxia (low PAO2) on pulmonary arterioles

Answer 41

Vasoconstriction

Question 42

Lung vasoactive substances

Answer 42

TXA2, PGI2

Question 43

Causes bronchoconstriction

Answer 43

Leukotrines

Question 44

What lung zones do we see in the Apex of the lungs?

Answer 44

2,3

Question 45

What lung zone do we see in the base of the lungs?

Answer 45

3

Question 46

What lung zone do we see in a supine position or during exercise throughout the lungs?

Answer 46

3

Question 47

What lung zones do we see in cases of pulmonary hemorrhage or positive pressure ventilation

Answer 47

1

Question 48

Site of highest ventilation

Answer 48

Base of the lungs

Question 49

Site of highest perfusion (Q)

Answer 49

Base of the lungs

Question 50

Site of highest V/Q ratio

Answer 50

Apex of the lungs

Question 51

Perfusion of lungs with no ventilation (V/Q = zero)

Answer 51

Shunt

Question 52

Inspiratory center; control basic rhythm, normal inspiration

Answer 52

Dorsal raspi group

Question 53

Overdrive mechanism during exercise, for forced inspiration & expiration

Answer 53

Ventral respi geoup

Question 54

Found in the lower pons; for prolonged inspiratory gas; decreases RR apneustic

Answer 54

Apneustic center

Question 55

Found in the upper pons; limits time for inspiration w/c increases RR

Answer 55

Pneumotaxic center