GIM - KPs Flashcards by Michael Salgado

Study that determines prevalence of disease?

Cross-sectional study

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Study that Compares past exposures in patients with and without disease

Case-control study

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Absolute risk reduction?

(a/(a+b)) - (c/(c+d))

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Relative Risk

Reliative RIsk reduction?

(a/(a+b))/(c/(c+d))

1-RR

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biennial screening mammography for which women?

PAP?

50-74

21-65

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Influenza vaccine without eggs? Caveat?

Influenza vaccine for immunosuppresed and pregnant women?

Recombinant infelunza vaccine (only 18+)

Inactivated influenza vaccine

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All flu vaccines should be avoided if?

All vaccine formulations should be avoided in persons who previously developed Guillain-Barré syndrome within 6 weeks of receiving the influenza vaccine.

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Who gets inactivated (recombinant) herpes zoster vaccine?

Everyone 50+ (regardless if they have had prior zoster)

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Purpose of the Lean Model?

eliminate waste

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Purpose of Six Sigma?

reduce cost, variation, or defects

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Peripheral v Central Vertigo:

Latency? Duration? Severity? Fatigability (decreased intensity with repeated maneuvers)? Direction of nystagmus?

2-40s v no latency
<1 min v >1 min
Severe v less severe
yes v no
upbeat + torsional with some horizontal v may be purely vertical or horizontal

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Labyrinthitis?

Vestibular neuronitis + hearing loss

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Meniere tirad?

Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus

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Perilymphatic fistula?

vertigo and hearing loss with history of straining or trauma

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Test not necessary in peripheal vertigo?

Test for central vertigo?

Neuoimaging

MRI (not CT)

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ertebrobasilar stroke as a cause of vertigo is usually accompanied by?

ysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, weakness, or numbness

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initial treatment of insomnia?

CBT (sleep hygene, beharioal interventions)

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initial treatment for patients with acute or subacute low back pain?

superficial heat, massage, acupuncture, or spinal manipulation

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first-line pharmacotherapy for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain?

NSAIDs

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Surgery has been shown to have definite benefits only for patients with low back pain due to?

disk herniation causing persistent radiculopathy,
patients with painful spinal stenosis, and those with
cauda equina syndrome.

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Rotator cuff disorders?

Rotator cuff tendinitis, rotator cuff tears, and subacromial bursitis

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A positive painful arc test result suggests?

subacromial impingement syndrome due to subacromial bursitis or rotator cuff tendinitis.

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When to do surgery for a rotator cuff tear?

Full thickness tear

partial tears who do not respond to conservative therapy

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beneficial in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis?

Glucocorticoid injections into the glenohumeral joint

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epicondylosis - imaging study?

None

Surgery in carpal tunnel syndrome is reserved for which patients?

- intolerable pain, - have severe disease on nerve conduction testing - evidence of muscle wasting on examination.

medial-lateral grind tests on knee examination suggests?

Acute meniscal injury

prepatellar bursitis - treatment?

aspiration

For asymptomatic Non-Diabetics - when to start low-to-moderate statin therapy?

If no hx of atherosclerotic disease, 40 to 75 years with one ASCVD risk factor and a calculated 10-year ASCVD event risk of 10% or higher.

when to start low dose aspirin?

Metabolic syndrome and 10-year CV risk of 10%

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are contraindicated if? Can be used with caution if?

pt on nitrates; pt on a-blockers

First-line pharmacotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

a-blockers (-osin)

5a-Reductase inhibitors are most effective in?

BPH with large prostates, severe symptoms, and elevated PSA

Treatment of infectious epididymitis? If pt is old or has anal sex?

ceftriaxone plus doxycycline ceftriaxone and a fluoroquinolone

initial imaging modalities for evaluating a palpable breast mass? When is one preferred?

are mammography and ultrasonography; ultrasonography is often preferred in women younger than age 35 years and pregnant women

first-line short-term therapy for most women with moderate chronic pelvic pain?

NSAIDs

Contraindications to oral combination estrogen-progestin contraceptives? (6)

``` uncontrolled HTN Breast cancer Venous thromboembolism Liver disease Migraine with aura Smoking >15 cigarettes/daily if over 35 ```

Two methods of emergency contraception? Effective until?

ver-the-counter levonorgestrel and prescription ulipristal 5 days after sex

initial therapy for primary dysmenorrhea? If symptoms do not resolved completely after initial therapy?

NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor combined hormonal contraceptive therapy

Do not measure these during perimenopause?

Hormones

most effective treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms during menopause?

Systemic hormone therapy

All women with an intact uterus who are treated with estrogen therapy must also receive?

progestin

When does HRT increase risk of breast cancer and necessitate individualized risk assessment?

After 5 years

Alternatives to hormone therapy for management of menopausal symptoms?

low-dose antidepressant agents and gabapentin

three of four characteristics to diagnose BV?

- pH > 4.5 - positive whiff test - thin homogenous vaginal discharge - 20% clue cells on microscopy

treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis?

intravaginal imidazole or fluconazole

gold standard for diagnosis of Trichomonas? Treatment?

Nucleic acid amplification Single dose oral metronidazole

Allergic conjunctivitis - treatent?

oral or topical antihistamines, artificial tears

Episcleritis v scleritis?

Episcleritis is painless and involves no vision changes, whereas scleritis is painful and associated with visual impairment.

Corneal abrasions are managed with? Do not give?

topical antibiotic ointments and topical NSAIDs Topical anesthetics or eye patches

Primary open angle glaucoma presents with?

Bilateral peripheral visual loss

Acute angle closure glaucoma presents with?

severe eye pain, decreased visual acuiry, non-reactice pupul

Progression to advanced dry age-related macular degeneration may be slowed with?

smoking cessation and the use of zinc or antioxidants

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss requires?

MRI and urgernt referral to ophthomology

f acute sinusitis, antibiotics are recommended only for those with?

3 to 4 days of severe symptoms (fever, purulent drainage, and facial pain), worsening of symptoms that were initially improving, or failure to improve after 10 days

Allergic rhinitis - treat with (3)?

intranasal glucocorticoids, antihistamines, or cromolyn

Antibiotics should be used to treat streptococcal pharyngitis only if?

+Rapid strep test or throat culture

primary treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

CBT

For smokers not ready to quit,- treatment?

Motivational interveiwing

Most effective therapy for schizophrenia? Caveat?

Clozapine; CBC for agranulocytosis

Drug that decreases fall risk?

vitamin D

first-line therapy for stress urinary incontinence?

Pelvic floor muscle training

first-line therapy for urge urinary incontinence?

Bladder training

recommended for urge urinary incontinence when bladder training is unsuccessful?

Antimuscarinic medications

Treatment for urinary incontinence if obese?

weight loss

may enhance healing rates of pressure ulcers?

Air-fluidized beds and surgical or nonsurgical debridement

Pt's who do not require preoperative coronary evaluation?

major adverse cardiac event risk of <1% or with a functional capacity ≥4 metabolic equivalents

Preoperative spirometry should be performed only for?

dyspnea or hypoxia of uncertain cause.

In patients with coronary artery disease who are being treated with dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention, elective noncardiac surgery should be delayed how long?

30 days after bare metal stent implantation and optimally at least 6 months after drug-eluting stent implantation

Insulin management of surgery day?

short-acting insulins should usually be withheld on the morning of surgery, and long-acting insulins should usually be continued at two thirds to 100% of the usual dose.

Elective surgeries based on MELD?

Safe if MELD<8; not recommended if MELD>15

Pain with flexion abduction and external rotation of the hip?

Sacroilieitis

GIM - KPs Flashcards

(72 cards)