Giolitti's Government in 1911 Flashcards
(32 cards)
How did giolitti hope to get support
He was prepared to use bribery and the system of transformismo to build coalitions and pass policies
How did he believe Italy could become more secure and stable
By increasing wealth and prosperity of the nation
Why was improving welfare and literacy not enough to help the nation
Didn’t benefit all the people in Italy who needed it most, many workers failed to see improvement and joined unions
How many members did the federation of agricultural workers have
240,000
Formed in 1901
How many catholic workers unions were there and how many members did they have
374 unions with 104,600 members by 1910
How did giolitti attempt to settle strikes and unions
-wanted to reduce the level of force against strikers
-allowed workers to organise peaceful protests and strikes
-aimed to gain their support
what were giolitti’s reforms
-aimed to increase wealth and prosperity to make Italy secure and stable
-improved welfare, literacy and economic prosperity
-aimed to reduce force against people striking
-allowed workers to hold peaceful protests and strikes
why were giolitti reforms not comepltely successful
-werent enough to end worke grievances
-police still unreformed and tended to favour elite
-prioritised economic production so workers continued to support parties that protected their interests
-limited policies against using force convinced wealthy italians that the liberals couldnt protect their interests — seeked authoritarian alternatives
-people thought the reforms only made to avoid riots and political instability and not to help the people
why did giolitti want support of socialists
-thought alienating them would just bring more harm
-were most difficult to combine to the liberals
-socialist deputies morelikely to support as they mostly moderates and had most support in the socialist party
-socialists got alot of votes, important to get them in government to get support of workers
how many votes did socialists get in 1909
20%
why were socialist deputies who did collab with giolitti criticised
left wing socialists deplored the alliance saying they were failing their revolutionary duty
why were soialists unable to be successfully absorbed into giolittis government
-violence used against striking workers resulted in worker deaths, public outcry so couldnt collab too overtly
-socialist party divided, some valued cooperation some thought it wasnt in the interest of workers, hard to fully commit as needed to retain support from within
-prepared to compromise to an extent but wider socialist movement not, rejected giolittis government as corrupt and capitalist
what did the pope do in 1909
pope temporary suspension of ban on catholics led to huge increase in voter turnout — previously was against voting due to roman question
how many catholic deputies elected in 1909
17 – more interested in political system due to fear of socialism
why was the growing influence of catholics in politics worrying for the church and giolitti
-were getting infuential in major cities
-church thought catholics would be less inclined to accept pope demands if they were too independent in economic and social affairs
why was giolitti wary with entering alliance with catholics
-didnt want to make promises he cant keep e.g. returning the vatican
-didnt want to alienate socialists (main aim was to appease them) as catholics were fearful of socialism
-didnt want to upset anticlerical radicals
-didnt want to alienate catholics by also appeasing nationalists (didnt want international wars as catholicism was an international organisation)
why did giolitti want to appease the nationalists
-nationalists took advantage of popular mood, lack of colonies, defeat in adowa and economic problems
-they appealed to concerns of middle class italians who were worried about concessions to socialists
what did nationalists argue for
-stronger police
-protection of italian industry
-stronger army and more defense spending to be a strong power
-gain territory of trentino and trieste
-colonial expansion
when did they invade libya
sept 1911
why did they invade libya
-assert claims in north africa after france started getting control of morrocco
-powerful business interests, banco di roma made branch in tripoli in libya 1907 and built investments there in banking ect.
-popular enthusiasm, lots of nationalism and patriotism
-giolitti hoped to weaken nationalist support, hoped to appease them and draw them into his influence
what were successes of libya
-seized control of ports and coastal towns
-ottomans were distracted by war in balkans so was willing to surrender (not truly because of strength of italy)
-overcame shame of adowa
-raised prestige
what were failures of libya
-nationalists claimed credit for forcing giolitti to invade, were encouraged to continue to demand more aggressive foreign policy
-had to continue in guerilla war, kept 50,000 troops in permanent garrison duty
-only had control of coasts
-cost 1300 mill lire, lost 3500 troops
-giolitti blamed for high costs and loss of lives
-catholics and nationalists in temporary alliance, weakened moderate socialists so they no longer supported giolitti
-libya produced same crops as italy, led to drop in domestic crop prices
-emigrants refused to move to libya to make a colony
-ottomans expelled 50,000 italians in retailiation, loss of trade links
when was extension of franchise and consequences
1912
-1913 70% of pop. were illiterate
-1909 only 3 mill men could vote, by 1912 risen to 8.5 mill
-didnt actually work in strengthening the liberals, most men in conscription in libya so turnout didnt really increase
who were syndicalists
extreme trade unions who believed in strikes
