Liberal Italy to 1914 (Key Facts)

Question 1

when was the unification of italy

Answer 1

1860s

Question 2

when was the triple alliance made between what countries

Answer 2

1882- Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary

Question 3

when was the franchise extended

Answer 3

1885-2% to 25% of men

Question 4

what happened in 1898

Answer 4

major riots which killed over 100 people

Question 5

when was the battle of adowa in abyssinia

Answer 5

1896

Question 6

when was King Umberto assassinated

Answer 6

1900

Question 7

when was Giolitti made prime minister for the 4th time

Answer 7

1911

Question 8

when was the invasion of libya

Answer 8

1911

Question 9

when did Turkey surrender to italy

Answer 9

1912- were distracted by Balkan wars

Question 10

when was the extension of the franchise after Giolitti

Answer 10

1912

Question 11

when did Giolitti resign

Answer 11

March 1914

Question 12

who replaced Giolitti

Answer 12

nationalist Salandra

Question 13

when was Red week

Answer 13

1914

Question 14

when did Salandra declare neutrality in WW1

Answer 14

August 1914

Question 15

When was the treaty of London

Answer 15

april 1915

Question 16

when was the declaration of war against austria and germany

Answer 16

May 1915

Question 17

risorgimento

Answer 17

-“rebirth”
-refers to reunification of 1860s

Question 18

“legal”/ “real” italy

Answer 18

italy unified in a a legal way but population was excluded from politics and didnt identify with the liberal state

Question 19

roman question

Answer 19

catholics refusal to recognise the legitimacy of the liberal state and the loss of the papal states

Question 20

transformismo

Answer 20

system of bargains politicians made with eachother to form a government
-became less effective after expansion of franchise in 1913

Question 21

italia irredente

Answer 21

italian speaking territories occupied by austria
-e.g. trentino, dalmation coast, trieste, flume

Question 22

treaty of london

Answer 22

in 1915 britain agreed to give italia irredente (except flume) in return for italy joining the war against Austria and germany

Question 23

reformists

Answer 23

moderates in the socialist party led by turrati

Question 24

maximalists

Answer 24

extremists in the socialist party, eventually mussolini becomes prominent leader

Question 25

liberal party

Answer 25

collection of groups in favour of status quo and included radicals, catholics, nationalists, democrats -dominated parliament in terms of numbers but were divided -grouped around patrons e.g. giolotti on the left and salandra on the right

Question 26

PSI

Answer 26

italian socialist party

Question 27

ANI

Answer 27

Italian nationalist association -wanted to make italy a great power by aggressive foreign policy -influentil amongst elite but lacked mass electoral base -D'annunzio famous leader

Question 28

futurists

Answer 28

intellectual movement led by marinetti who glorified violence and influenced nationalists

Question 29

industrial triangle

Answer 29

industrial cities in the north, turin genoa and milan

Question 30

syndicalists

Answer 30

extreme trade unions wanting strike action

Question 31

catholic action

Answer 31

umbrella term for numerous charitable youth and sports clubs that spread the church's influence

Question 32

franchise

Answer 32

extension of the vote to most men -all literates over 21 -all illiterates over 30

Question 33

giolittis reform programme

Answer 33

-abolished child labour -social insurance and pensions -maternity fund -spending on public works increased by 50% -balanced budget by restraining expenditure on armed forces -maintains government neutrality in industrial conflicts (enabled trade unions to strike and force employers to increase wages)

Question 34

anticlericalists

Answer 34

italians who opposed the catholic church -rejected religious involvement in schools and marriage -e.g. socialists and radicals -giolittis coalition with the catholics led to radicals withdrawing support, forced him to resign in 1914

Question 35

red week

Answer 35

-new PM salandra reversed giolittis reforms e.g. non intervention of strikes -provoked the left into rioting known as red week -hundreds killed -socialists too disorganised to keep fighting, only lasted a week

Question 36

declaration of neutrality

Answer 36

-italy part of triple alliance to help further chances with colonial gains -remained neutral in aug 1914 saying austrias invasion of serbia was an aggressive act -italy had little to gain from fighting for austria and much to lose from making enemies with britain and france

Question 37

what percentage of north and south were illiterate

Answer 37

1911 45% in the south 10% in the north

Question 38

how much more steel did germany make

Answer 38

20 times

Question 39

how much more agricultural yield did france make

Answer 39

double

Question 40

how much did italys GDP grow every year

Answer 40

2.8% annually

Question 41

how much did workers wages grow by between 1900 and 1914

Answer 41

40%

Question 42

what happened in the 1913 election

Answer 42

-socialists won 22% of the vote but only 69 deputies (15% of seats) -nationalists only had 3 deputies -liberal coalition lost some deputies but still had majority (318/511)

Question 43

how much of population concerned with agricultural production

Answer 43

60% in 1914 -in britain only 15%

Question 44

where was the most fertile region

Answer 44

Po valley

Question 45

how many could vote in 1870-85

Answer 45

-2% of men (wealthy) in 1870 -extended to 25% of men in 1885 but most not legible to vote till 1912

Question 46

how much did the electorate increase by in 1912

Answer 46

3 million to 8 million

Question 47

how much did the main socialist newspaper increase by between 1912 and 1914

Answer 47

-Avantil circulation quadrupled -mainly due to new editor and rising star in maximalists of PSI, mussolini

Question 48

how many members of the PSI were there in 1914

Answer 48

50000 -not yet a mass party

Question 49

how many soldiers died in the libyan war

Answer 49

3,000

Question 50

how many deputies expressed support for giolittis attempt to prevent declaration of war

Answer 50

300/510 deputies showed support in may 1915 -giolitti backed down as king threatened to abdicate which would cause further crisis