GIT

Question 1

Nasopharynx

Answer 1

• C1-C2
• Extends from base of skull to uvula
• Pharyngeal tonsil present below sphenoid bone
• Chonae – opening of nasal cavity into pharynx
• Eustachian tube (auditory tube) – connection from pharynx to inner ear

Question 2

Oropharynx

Answer 2

• C2-C3
• Extends from uvula to epiglottis tip
• Contains:
  1) Palatine tonsil – between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
  2) Lingual tonsil – present posterior to the tongue

Question 3

Laryngopharynx

Answer 3

• C4-C6
• Contains 2 recesses:
  1) Valleculae – recesses present anterior to epiglottis and saliva accumulation in the recess causes epiglottis to cover laryngeal opening
  2) Piriform recess – recesses on lateral side of epiglottis and food stuck here can cause discomfort

Question 4

Waldeyer’s ring

Answer 4

Consists of:

1) Pharyngeal tonsil
2) Palatine tonsil
3) Lingual tonsil

Question 5

Jejunum and Ileum differences

Answer 5

Jejunum:
-Short arterial arcades + long vasa recta

Ileum:
-More arterial arcades + short vasa recta

Question 6

Differences between large intestine vs small intestine

Answer 6

1) Taeniae coli – 3 longitudinal bands of muscle
2) Haustra – sacculations (small segmented pouches of colon)
3) Omental appendices – outpouching of peritoneum filled with fat

Question 7

Innervation of foregut

Answer 7

Parasympathetic:
-Vagus nerve

Sympathetic:
-Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

Question 8

Innervation of midgut

Answer 8

Parasympathetic:
-Vagus nerve

Sympathetic:
-Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10)

Question 9

Innervation of hindgut

Answer 9

Parasympathetic:
-Pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)

Sympathetic:
-Lumbar splanchnic nerve (L1-L2)