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[GIT] Flashcards

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1
Q

passage of the bolus through the pharynx into the esophagus

a. Voluntary Stage
b. Pharyngeal stage
c. Esophageal stage

A

b. Pharyngeal stage

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2
Q

involuntary passage of the bolus through the esophagus into the stomach

a. Voluntary Stage
b. Pharyngeal stage
c. Esophageal stage

A

c. Esophageal stage

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3
Q

Relaxation of this sphincter permits entry of bolus into stomach.

a. UES
b. LES
c. Sphincter of oddi
d. AOTA

A

b. LES

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4
Q

the pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct from the liver and gallbladder and enters the duodenum as a dilated common duct called the

a. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
b. Cystic duct
c. Common hepatic duct
d. NOTA

A

a. Hepatopancreatic ampulla

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5
Q

clear, colorless liquid, compose of water salts and bicarbonate. Its function is to neutralize gastric acid

a. gastric juice
b. pancreatic juice
c. bile
d. trypsin

A

b. pancreatic juice

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6
Q

Which of the following meal will be emptied first?

a. 300 cal solid high carbohydrates
b. 300 cal liquid high carbohydrates
c. 300 cal liquid high protein
d. 300 cal semi solid high carbohydrates

A

b. 300 cal liquid high carbohydrates

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7
Q

Normally, the movement of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract is slowest along this segment

a. esophagus
b. large intestine
c. stomach
d. small intestine

A

b. large intestine

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8
Q

After examining a patient who was referred to physical therapy for posterior thoracic pain, the therapist finds no musculoskeletal causes for the patient’s symptoms. What anatomical structure may refer pain to this thoracic region?

A. Heart
B. Ovary
C. Gallbladder
D. Kidney

A

C. Gallbladder

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9
Q

The digestion of food involves the process of:

A. Mastication
B. Hydrolysis
C. Decarboxylation
D. Carboxylation

A

B. Hydrolysis

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10
Q

Stimulation of mass movements after ingestion of a normal meal is called:

A. Enterogastric reflex
B. Gastrocolic reflex
C. Micturition reflex
D. NOTA

A

B. Gastrocolic reflex

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11
Q

A physical therapist treats a patient with a colostomy that is capable of producing solid stool on a fairly regular schedule. Which type of colostomy would be MOST consistent with this description?

A. Ascending colostomy
B. Transverse colostomy
C. Descending colostomy
D. Sigmoid colostomy

A

D. Sigmoid colostomy

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12
Q

Which site in the gastrointestinal tract is best for iron absorption?
A. Ileum
B. Duodenum
C. Jejunum
D. Colon

A

B. Duodenum

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13
Q

Which of the following glands produces a secretion that primarily initiates starch digestion?
A) Sublingual gland
B) Parotid gland
C) Submandibular gland
D) Pancreas

A

B) Parotid gland

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14
Q

The enzyme that converts trypsinogen to its active form in the duodenum is:
A) Pepsin
B) Enterokinase
C) Pancreatic amylase
D) Cholecystokinin

A

B) Enterokinase

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15
Q

Which of the following cells in the stomach produce intrinsic factor?
A) Chief cells
B) Mucus neck cells
C) Parietal cells
D) G cells

A

C) Parietal cells

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16
Q

What is the primary function of bile secreted by hepatocytes?
A) Protein digestion
B) Emulsification of fats
C) Carbohydrate digestion
D) Activation of pepsinogen

A

B) Emulsification of fats

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17
Q

Which part of the alimentary canal has no digestive enzymes but serves mainly as a passageway for bolus?
A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine

A

A) Esophagus

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18
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for releasing bile from the gall bladder?
A) Secretin
B) Gastrin
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Somatostatin

A

C) Cholecystokinin

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19
Q

The activation of trypsinogen prematurely inside the pancreas leads to:
A) Pancreatitis
B) GERD
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Hirschsprung disease

A

A) Pancreatitis

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20
Q

Which plexus controls the movements of the gastrointestinal tract?
A) Submucosa (Meissner’s) plexus
B) Myenteric (Auerbach) plexus
C) Enteric plexus
D) Sympathetic plexus

A

B) Myenteric (Auerbach) plexus

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21
Q

Which vitamin deficiency results from lack of intrinsic factor?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin B12
D) Vitamin K

A

C) Vitamin B12

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22
Q

Which enzyme breaks down lactose into its monosaccharide components?
A) Maltase
B) Sucrase
C) Lactase
D) Pancreatic amylase

A

C) Lactase

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23
Q

Which part of the small intestine is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption?
A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Ileum
D) Cecum

A

B) Jejunum

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24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva?
A) Water
B) IgA antibody
C) Pepsinogen
D) Electrolytes such as Na, K, Cl

A

C) Pepsinogen

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25
The main function of mucus secretion by salivary glands is to: A) Digest starch B) Protect the mouth and bind food into a bolus C) Initiate lipid digestion D) Absorb nutrients
B) Protect the mouth and bind food into a bolus
26
Which structure prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus? A) Pyloric sphincter B) Lower esophageal sphincter (cardioesophageal sphincter) C) Ileocecal valve D) Upper esophageal sphincter
B) Lower esophageal sphincter (cardioesophageal sphincter)
27
What is the normal daily volume of pancreatic juice secretion? A) 500-800 mL B) 800-1000 mL C) 1200-1500 mL D) 2000-2500 mL
C) 1200-1500 mL
28
The largest gland in the human body is the: A) Pancreas B) Liver C) Gall bladder D) Kidney
B) Liver
29
Which hormone inhibits gastrin secretion? A) Secretin B) Cholecystokinin C) Somatostatin D) Insulin
C) Somatostatin
30
Which part of the colon is the pocket-like structure called haustra primarily found? A) Ascending colon B) Transverse colon C) Descending colon D) Entire colon
D) Entire colon
31
What is the primary functional unit of the liver? A) Lobule B) Hepatocyte C) Sinusoid D) Bile duct
A) Lobule
32
Which digestive enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth? A) Pancreatic amylase B) Salivary amylase (ptyalin) C) Maltase D) Sucrase
B) Salivary amylase (ptyalin)
33
Which of the following can be found in the cystic duct? A) Bile from the liver only B) Gall bladder bile only C) Passageway for bile between the gall bladder and common hepatic duct D) Pancreatic enzymes
C) Passageway for bile between the gall bladder and common hepatic duct
34
The digestive enzyme that breaks triglycerides down into monoglycerides and fatty acids is: A) Trypsin B) Pancreatic lipase C) Pepsin D) Pancreatic amylase
B) Pancreatic lipase
35
The absorption of vitamin B12 occurs in the: A) Duodenum B) Jejunum C) Ileum D) Large intestine
C) Ileum
36
Which of these organs is located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen? A) Liver B) Gall bladder C) Spleen D) Cecum
C) Spleen
37
What causes the characteristic yellow to olive green color of bile? A) Bile salts B) Cholesterol C) Bile pigments D) Electrolytes
C) Bile pigments
38
The hormone secretin primarily stimulates: A) Release of bile and pancreatic juice B) Contraction of the gall bladder C) Production of gastric acid D) Release of pepsinogen
A) Release of bile and pancreatic juice
39
The term "chyme" refers to: A) Food in the mouth after chewing B) Semi-liquid mass of partially digested food in the stomach and small intestine C) Solid feces in the colon D) Digestive enzymes secreted by glands
B) Semi-liquid mass of partially digested food in the stomach and small intestine
40
The fjunction of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct is called: A) Ampulla of Vater (Hepatopancreatic ampulla) B) Sphincter of Oddi C) Ileocecal valve D) Cystic duct
A) Ampulla of Vater (Hepatopancreatic ampulla)
41
Which of the following enzymes is secreted in inactive form by the pancreas to prevent autodigestion? A) Pancreatic amylase B) Trypsinogen C) Pancreatic lipase D) Sucrase
B) Trypsinogen
42
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? A) Heartburn B) Diarrhea C) Jaundice D) Constipation
A) Heartburn
43
Journey of the chyme in the looping coils of small intestine: a. 1-2 hours b. 2-3 hours c. 2-5 hours d. 3-6 hours
d. 3-6 hours
44
tightening of the pyloric sphincter due to stimulation by the presence of acid levels in the duodenum or in the stomach a. enterogastric reflex b. gastroileal reflex c. gastrocolic reflex d. micturition reflex
a. enterogastric reflex
45
Which organ is located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) and can cause referred pain to the right shoulder? A) Spleen B) Liver C) Stomach D) Appendix
B) Liver
46
Pain originating from the stomach is often referred to which of the following regions? A) Suprapubic region B) Right shoulder and lateral border of the right scapula C) Low back area D) Left shoulder
B) Right shoulder and lateral border of the right scapula
47
Which organ located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) typically refers pain to the left shoulder? A) Pancreas B) Gall bladder C) Appendix D) Small intestine
A) Pancreas
48
The cecum is located in which abdominal quadrant? A) Left upper quadrant B) Right lower quadrant C) Left lower quadrant D) Right upper quadrant
B) Right lower quadrant
49
Which organ is found in the right lower quadrant and is the first to rupture during abdominal trauma? A) Spleen B) Appendix C) Cecum D) Gall bladder
B) Appendix
50
Pain referred to the sacrum region is most commonly associated with which part of the gastrointestinal tract? A) Stomach B) Small intestine C) Large intestine/colon D) Liver
C) Large intestine/colon
51
The suprapubic region is the typical site of pain for which organ? A) Stomach B) Large intestine/colon C) Pancreas D) Small intestine
B) Large intestine/colon
52
Which organ is located in the left lower quadrant (LLQ) and can cause referred pain to the left ovary? A) Sigmoid colon B) Right kidney C) Cecum D) Liver
A) Sigmoid colon
53
Pain from the small intestine is often referred to which region? A) Epigastric region B) Umbilical region C) Right upper quadrant D) Left hypochondrium
B) Umbilical region
54
The right kidney is located in which abdominal quadrant? A) Left upper quadrant B) Right upper quadrant C) Left lower quadrant D) Right lower quadrant
B) Right upper quadrant
55
Which type of salivary gland secretion contains the starch-digesting enzyme salivary amylase (ptyalin)? A) Mucous secretion B) Serous secretion C) Mixed secretion D) Enzymatic secretion
B) Serous secretion
56
What is the primary role of mucus secreted by the salivary glands? A) Initiate starch digestion B) Protect the oral mucosa and bind food into a bolus C) Kill bacteria D) Absorb nutrients
B) Protect the oral mucosa and bind food into a bolus
57
The normal daily production volume of saliva is approximately: A) 500-800 mL B) 1000-1500 mL C) 2000-3000 mL D) 1200-1500 mL
B) 1000-1500 mL
58
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor? A) Chief cells B) Parietal cells C) Mucus neck cells D) G cells
B) Parietal cells
59
The intrinsic factor necessary for vitamin B12 absorption is produced by: A. Parietal cells of the stomach B. Chief cells of the stomach C. Pancreas D. Small intestine
A. Parietal cells of the stomach
60
Which GI tract location is the primary site for vitamin B12 absorption? A. Duodenum B. Jejunum C. Ileum D. Colon
C. Ileum
61
Which gastric cells release the hormone gastrin? A) Parietal cells B) Chief cells C) G cells D) Mucus neck cells
C) G cells
62
Chief cells of the stomach produce: A) Gastrin B) Pepsinogen C) HCl D) Mucus
B) Pepsinogen
63
Normal bile production volume daily is approximately: A) 400–600 mL B) 800–1000 mL C) 1200–1500 mL D) 2000–3000 mL
B) 800–1000 mL
64
The volume of gastric juice normally secreted daily is: A) 500–800 mL B) 1000–1500 mL C) 2000–3000 mL D) 3500–4000 mL
C) 2000–3000 mL
65
Fastest stage of deglutition to prevent aspiration a. Voluntary stage b. Pharyngeal stage c. Esophageal stage
b. Pharyngeal stage
66
Distention of the colon: A. Megacolon B. Hirschsprung disease C. Both D. NOTA
C. Both
67
Pepsinogen is secreted by which stomach cells? A) Parietal cells B) Chief cells C) Mucus neck cells D) G cells
B) Chief cells
68
Which of the following is a likely consequence of ileal resection? a. Vitamin B12 deficiency d. Vitamin B9 deficiency c. Constipation d. AOTA
a. Vitamin B12 deficiency
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