GLOBAL HONORS: the renaissance/reformation

Question 1

Humanism-

Answer 1

an approach to life based on reason and our common humanity, recognizing that moral values are properly founded on human nature and experience alone.

Question 2

Individualism

Answer 2

the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant.

Question 3

Classicism-

Answer 3

prejudice against or in favor of people belonging to a particular social class.

Question 4

Secularism-

Answer 4

the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions.

Question 5

Renaissance-

Answer 5

a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages.

Question 6

Indulgence-

Answer 6

an indulgence is “a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins”

Question 7

Tithe-

Answer 7

one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy.

Question 8

Theocracy-

Answer 8

a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.

Question 9

Protestantism-

Answer 9

a name used collectively to refer to the many religious groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to differences in doctrine.

Question 10

Heretic-

Answer 10

a person believing in or practicing religious heresy

Question 11

Trade guilds-

Answer 11

influential producers’ unions that educated craftsmen, retained output control, regulated competition and prices, and limited the introduction of new people into the trade.

Question 12

Capitalism-

Answer 12

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

Question 13

Scientific Revolution-

Answer 13

a period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Question 14

Scientific Method-

Answer 14

The process in the scientific method involves making conjectures (hypothetical explanations), deriving predictions from the hypotheses as logical consequences, and then carrying out experiments or empirical observations based on those predictions

Question 15

How/why did the middle class begin in Western Europe?

Answer 15

Trade and population increases, middle class grows

Question 16

What factors led to the development of the Renaissance in Western Europe?

Answer 16

The rediscovery of ancient greek and roman texts (classicism), humanism,

Question 17

How did this “questioning spirit” impact science and the teachings of the Church?

Answer 17

The questioning spirit led to more scientific discoveries. The RCC lost the power they once had.

Question 18

What is the commercial revolution and how did it begin?

Answer 18

It was an economic, social, and political revolution that affected all of Europe. It began because of the increase in trade, capitalism, and partnerships/joint stock companies (merchants coming together, banking, insurance companies). Merchants are able to invest in trade all over the world

Question 19

How did the Renaissance lead to the Reformation?

Answer 19

Because the values such as humanism, secularism, and inquiry lead people to question the church

Question 20

How did the teachings of Martin Luther influence Christianity?

Answer 20

Martin luther’s teachings lead to the reformation of the RCC (bible is only source of authority, pope cannot pardon for sins, salvation can only be reached through faith in God alone)

Question 21

how was martin luther a hero?

Answer 21

confronted RCC (risked his life), saw how the church was corrupt

Question 22

how was martin luther a heratic ?

Answer 22

teachings caused harm to the RCC, disagreed on fundamental doctrines of the church

Question 23

What happened to the Catholic Church as a result of the Reformation (Catholic Reformation)?

Answer 23

The power of the RCC is weakened
Creation of Protestant branch of Christianity
Christian church splinters… future problems arise ( war and religious intolerance lead to the exodus of the Europeans to the New World)

Question 24

Who are some important individuals of the Reformation

Answer 24

Martin Luther (Lutheran Church)
John Calvin(Calvinism/Presbyterian Church)
Henry VIII (Anglican Church/Episcopal)

Question 25

what did martin luther contribute to the reformation?

Answer 25

German monk who is disgusted by indulgences. Writes the 95 Theses which were arguments against indulgences. Luther’s ideas spread as a result of the printing press (Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden). The Lutheran Church evolves (branch of protestantism). Leads to the protestant reformation.

Question 26

what did John Calvin contribute to the reformation?

Answer 26

John Calvin(Calvinism/Presbyterian Church) : French priest who believes that salvation comes from faith alone and the bible is the only authority. Strict, disciplined lives. People are born sinners. nothing.. idk

Question 27

what did Henry VIII (angelican church/episcopal) contribute to the reformation?

Answer 27

Powerful European monarch who gets angry at the Pope when he refuses to grant him an annulment. Gains control of the English Church. His daughter (Elizabeth) established England as a protestant nation

Question 28

The commercial revolution

Answer 28

(revival in trade) when feudalism declines trade increases/money

Question 29

merchants are able to invest in trade around the world, feualism ends and serfs gain power through money and trade WHATS THE EFFECT?

Answer 29

rebirth in learning:humanism classicism, individualism, questioning main effect: the renaissance begins

Question 30

what were the achievements of the renaissance ?

Answer 30

education expanded literature politics and government Art Technology

Question 31

how did church reformers influence the RCC and lead to Reformation?

Answer 31

martin Luther German monk wrote the 95 theses Luther's ideas spread from Denmark, Norway etc

Question 32

(french priest)what did john calvin believe?

Answer 32

salvation comes from faith in god alone and the bible is the only religious authority

Question 33

(french priest) where did john calvins ideas spread

Answer 33

spread through Germany France the Netherlands England etc

Question 34

protestants are ____

Answer 34

a member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches.