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STUDY SETS 2022-2023 > LIVING ENVIORMENT: regents > Flashcards

LIVING ENVIORMENT: regents Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

enzymes

A

special proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living things

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2
Q

autotroph

A

an organism that produces its own food the source of energy for all living things

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3
Q

stomata

A

a small pore found on the underside of most leaves

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4
Q

an enviorment where little to no oxygen is present

A

anaerobic

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5
Q

inorganic compounds

A

chemical bond energy stored in nutrients like glucose is released to produce ATP in cells

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6
Q

a way to describe the fit of an enzyme with its specific substrate

A

substrate specific

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7
Q

a green organelle that contains chlorophyll where photosynthesis occurs

A

chloroplast

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8
Q

fermentation

A

compounds such as water and carbon dioxide that are involved in vital processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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9
Q

enzymes are ______

A

proteins

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10
Q

respiration

A

making energy (ATP)

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11
Q

aerobic respiration

A

with oxygen

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12
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

done without oxygen

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13
Q

excretion

A

get rid of waste
cellular waste (liquids and gases)

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14
Q

metabolism

A

all chemical activities

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15
Q

inorganic compounds

A

compounds that do not have carbon and hydrogen together

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16
Q

organic compounds

A

compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen

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17
Q

monosaccaride

A

one sugar

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18
Q

disacharides

A

2 sugars

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19
Q

ribosomes

A

information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to the

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20
Q

organelles

A

homeostasis in unicellular organisms depends on the proper functioning of

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21
Q

mitochondrion

A

an organelle that releases energy for metabolic activity in a nerve cell is the

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22
Q

the funtion of a cell depends primarily on its

A

structure

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23
Q

in a single celled organism this absorbtion directly involves the

A

cell membrane

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24
Q

the process of active transport requires the most direct use of

A

ATP

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25
in a cell all organelles work together to carry out
metabolic processes
26
the sequence that represents the correct order of levels of organization found in a complex organism?
organelle --> cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ system
27
many sugars 3 or more
polysaccardies
28
dipeptide
two amino acids joined together by dydration synthesis
29
catalyst
speeds up reactions
30
substrate
the substances that the enzymes act on
31
lock and key model
the substrate and active sight of the enzyme fit together like a lock and key
32
can enzymes stop working
YES when the active site changes shape the enzyme cannot substrate
33
what can cause an enzyme to stop working?
the PH or the temperture
34
prokaryote
cells that lack a nucleus
35
eukaryote
cells that have a nucleus
36
have their own DNA and can replicate independently from the cell
mitochondria and chloroplast
37
viruses
ARE LIVING but dont have the same features of life *are not made of cells*
38
cell membrane
controls what goes in and out of the cells
39
cell wall
*ONLY IN PLANT CELLS * supports and protects cell composed of cellulose
40
cytoplasm
fluid like, contains organelles some chemical reactions occur
41
nucleus
controls the center of the cell contains DNA
42
ribosomes
make protiens found in cytoplasm
43
endoplasmic riticlum (ER)
system of fluid-filled canals
44
have ribosomes
rough ER
45
no ribosomes
smooth ER
46
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell site of respiration
47
centrioles
FOUND ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS play role in cell division
48
vacuole
storage (usually stores water)
49
lysosomes
vacuable with digestive enzymes
50
nucleolos
makes ribosomes
51
golgi body
sorts and packages materials
52
ANIMAL CELLS:
*centrioles *small vacuole *lysosomes *round shape
53
PLANT CELLS:
*chloroplast *large vacuole *cell walls
54
the cell membrane is _______
selectively permiable
55
selectively permiable
controls the type and amount of molecule that can pass through the membrane
56
nutrition
the activities by which the organism obtains, processes,
57
ingestion
to take in nutrients from the environment
58
raw materials
the substances from the environment needed for a reaction
59
inorganic raw material
simple substrates that do not contain hydrogen and carbon together
60
organic molecules
large substances that contain carbon and hydrogen togetther 2
61
epidermis
outer most layer
62
cutical
waxy coat that covers the epidermis ( prevents excess waterloss)
63
stomates
allow the exchange of 02 and CO2
64
gaurd cells
controls the openings and the closing of the stomates
65
palisade layer
is where most photosynthesis takes place
66
vein
contains xylem (water) and phlorm (food) and is knows as a vacular tissue
67
xylem
transports water only
68
pholoem
transports food into the cell
69
transpiration
release of water vapor from leaves
70
how do stomates maintain homeostasis ?
homeostasis is maintained by gaurd cells opening and closing to allow for gas exchange and prevent water loss
71
chlorophyll
the main pigment of plants that absorbs energy from the sun
72
thylakoid
sac like photosynthesis membrane in chloroplast
73
grana
stacks of thylakoids
74
stroma
the region outside the thylakoid membranes
75
why are plants green ?
the chlorophyll absorbs light from the sun plants use green light the least so the green light is reflected causing plants to have a green color
76
what do plants need to survive
CO2, H20, O2
77
plants need oxygen for ____________________
cellular respiration
78
formula for photosynthesis
sunlight + water + carbon dioxide ----> glucose & oxygen
79
photolysis
splitting light a reaction in which H20 molecules split into carbon hydrogen and oxygen
80
photolysis dark reactions
occur in the stroma of the chloroplast
81
cellular respiration is photosynthesis _________
backwards
82
the first step of all cellular respiration is called
glycolise (sugar splitting )
83
glycolisis takes place in the _________
cytoplasm
83
glycolisis takes place in the _________
cytoplasm
84
Enzymes in the digestive system are responsible for _____
the hydrolysis (breaking down) of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

STUDY SETS 2022-2023 (34 decks)

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