Globalisation

Question 1

What does globalisation mean?

Answer 1

The great integration of the global economy

Question 2

What is the effect of the accelerated globalisation that has taken place in the last 30 years?

Answer 2

Jobs + wealth in 1 country dependent on trade + investment from other countries
Countries specialise in certain types of economic activity
Jobs move from high cost to low cost countries

Question 3

What is the dominant economic sector in the PRE-INDUSTRIAL STAGE of the Clark Fisher Model?

Answer 3

Primary

Question 4

What is the dominant economic sector in the INDUSTRIAL STAGE of the Clark Fisher Model?

Answer 4

Secondary

Question 5

What is the dominant economic sector in the POST-INDUSTRIAL STAGE of the Clark Fisher Model?

Answer 5

Tertiary

Question 6

What jobs are included in the PRIMARY sector?

Answer 6

Farming, fishing, mining

Jobs which grow or extract raw materials

Question 7

What jobs are included in the SECONDARY sector?

Answer 7

Manufacturing goods in factories and workshops

Question 8

What jobs are included in the TERTIARY sector?

Answer 8

Services such as education, retail, banking, the health service and travel

Question 9

What are the impacts of moving through the stages of the Clark Fisher Model?

Answer 9

An increase in pay + therefore income
Better working conditions
A change from informal to formal jobs

Question 10

What are the working conditions of a SUBSISTENCE FARMER in ETHIOPIA?

Answer 10

Hard, labour intensive farm work
Vulnerable to the weather e.g. floods + drought
Workers lives depend on producing enough food
Children often have to work

Question 11

What is the expected pay for a SUBSISTENCE FARMER in ETHIOPIA?

Answer 11

No pay. Might earn a small amount selling any surplus food produced.

Question 12

What are the working conditions of a FACTORY WORKER in CHINA?

Answer 12

Long hours, repetitive work, lots of overtime
Unions banned so employees have few rights
Most factories only want younger workers (under 30)

Question 13

What is the expected pay for a FACTORY WORKER in CHINA?

Answer 13

Low pay (£1000 - £3000 p/a)

Question 14

What are the working conditions of a NURSE in the NHS ?

Answer 14

Good working conditions
Health and safety regulations
Paid holidays and pensions
Unsociable working hours + high stress environment

Question 15

What is the expected pay for a NURSE in the NHS?

Answer 15

Medium pay (£20,000 - £40,000 p/a)

Question 16

What are the working conditions of a PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHER in the USA?

Answer 16

Very good working conditions

High stress job with TNC demand to develop new products

Question 17

What is the expected pay for a PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHER in the USA?

Answer 17

High pay (£25,000 - £100,000 p/a)

Question 18

What is global shift?

Answer 18

The relocation of jobs from one country to another e.g.

manufacturing jobs from developed to developing countries

Question 19

What is the World Trade Organisation?

Answer 19

The WTO promotes free trade by persuading countries to reduce or remove trade barriers, like taxes or quotas

Question 20

What is the International Monetary Fund?

Answer 20

Gives loans to developing countries for infrastructure and encourages countries to allow foreign investment to create new jobs

Question 21

What are Transnational Corporations?

Answer 21

TNCs aim to reduce costs + increase profits by moving factories to cheaper locations. This creates jobs in developing countries

Question 22

What is the impact of globalisation on different groups of people?

Answer 22

Most countries have become richer, especially developing
300 million people in China lifted out of poverty
In Africa incomes have not improved much at all

Question 23

What is Foreign Direct Investment?

Answer 23

When money from one country is invested in another, for example, to build a new factory

Question 24

How can Foreign Direct Investment have a negative impact on the developed world?

Answer 24

A TNC investing in China may be doing this by removing investment (closing a factory) somewhere else like the UK

Question 25

Where does Nike have its headquarters?

Answer 25

Oregon, USA

Question 26

What products does Nike produce?

Answer 26

They produce and sell a vast range of sports clothing and equipment

Question 27

How many offices and stores do they have worldwide?

Answer 27

They have offices in 45 countries and 700 stores worldwide

Question 28

Where are their factories?

Answer 28

- The majority of their products are outsourced and manufactured in Asia, but they also own some factories where their goods are manufactured. - The components for their goods are sourced from various different countries around the world.

Question 29

Why has Tesco concentrated worldwide expansion in Europe and Asia?

Answer 29

Europe - market close to UK + consumer tastes similar | Asia - market is huge + incomes growing but few global competitors

Question 30

What are the impacts of globalisation worldwide?

Answer 30

More gender equality for women Improved working conditions More skilled people due to more employment areas Increased availability of goods + services

Question 31

What are the impacts of globalisation in developed countries?

Answer 31

Improvements in wages Good working condiitons Increased profit More flexibility in working location e.g. from home Some job losses as call centres, factories relocate

Question 32

What are the impacts of globalisation in developing countries?

Answer 32

Their products + services available to more people Improved infrastructure + boost to economy Wages remain low with continued exploitation of workers + child labour Few people can afford developed world's products + services