Urbanisation Flashcards
(33 cards)
Why are some urban areas growing?
- Natural Increase
- International + Domestic Migration
- Rural to Urban Migration
Why is natural increase causing urbanisation in the developed world?
Cities like London + New York are still growing due to younger populations as less people die than are born
What is the impact of re-urbanisation in the developed world?
People aged 25-45 are returning to city centres to be close to amenities + elderly for health care and social amenities
Why is natural increase causing urbanisation in the developing world?
Youthful populations as people who move there are of child bearing age and they then have their own children
Rural to Urban Migration in the UK?
London is a hub and so attracts people from other areas of the UK who may be looking for work. It’s also well known with lots of history
Rural to Urban Migration in India?
Often young people (especially men) move from rural areas such as Bihar to urban areas like Mumbai to look for work
Technohubs?
Technohubs such as Bangalore may be globally recognised + can attract people from across the world
What is counter-urbanisation?
Due to some people in the cities of the developed world becoming more wealthy + leaving the city behind to move to rural areas
What are push factors for Rural to Urban Migration in LEDCs?
- Few employment oppurtunities
- Lack of education
- Lack of healthcare
- Lack of infrastructure
- Disease / Famine
What are pull factors for Rural to Urban Migration in LEDCs?
- More employment opportunities
- More education opportunities
- More accessible healthcare + services
What are the challenges caused by rapid city growth?
- Energy + water security
- Strain on resources + services
- Lack of affordable housing
- Lack of formal employment
- Spread of disease
- High levels of pollution
What are shanty towns / squatter settlements?
Areas of informal housing generally found on the outskirts of developing cities as increasing numbers of people move there from rural areas
What are the houses made of in shanty towns?
Whatever they can find - from corrugated iron to cardboard
Where are the Kibera slums?
On the outskirts of Nairobi in Kenya
How many AIDS orphans are there in the Kibera slums?
50,000 AIDS orphans
How many people live in the Kibera slums?
700,000
How big are the Kibera slums?
630 acres
How many girls are pregnant at any one time?
50% of females between 16 and 25 years of age are pregnant at any one time
What is the life expectancy of those living in the Kibera slums?
30 years, compared to 50 years in the rest of Kenya
What are waste challenges faced by London?
20 million tonnes of waste produced each year
May still be in landfill 20 years later
Some of this waste leaks out + contaminates water supplies
What are water challenges faced by London?
- Water consumption far greater than supply
- Leading to overabstraction of groundwater
- 866 billion litres of tap water a year
- 94 million litres bottled water a year
What are pollution challenges faced by London?
Road traffic contributes 22% London’s CO2 output
Huge amount of congestion
Slow moving vehicles release more pollutants
Name a sustainable city
Copenhagen
How much money is saved by cycling?
230,000 health expenses saved by cycling each year
