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MID2000 Exam Revison > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

Android

A

Pelvic shape characterised by a heart shaped inlet, common in males, often requiring a cesarean delivery due to its narrow dimension

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2
Q

Anterior Fontanelle

A

The soft spot on a baby’s head where the frontal and parietal bones meet; it allows for skull flexibility during birth and closes by 18-24 months.

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3
Q

Anterior-Posterior (AP) Diameter

A

The measurement from the front to the back of the pelvic inlet, important in assessing the size of the birth canal.

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4
Q

Anthropoid

A

A pelvic shape with an oval inlet, more common in women of African descent, often allowing for vaginal delivery.

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5
Q

ART

A

Assisted Reproductive technology, which includes treatments like IVF to help conceive

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6
Q

Biparietal

A

measurement across the widest part of the skill, used to estimate fetal head size during pregnancy

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7
Q

Bitemporal

A

Distance between the temples of fetal skull, used to assess head size and potential delivery complication

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8
Q

Blastocyst

A

A stage in early embryonic development, occurring after fertilisation when embryo implants in the uterine wall

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9
Q

Bulb of Vestibule

A

Erectile tissue located on either side of the vaginal opening, which swells during sexual arousal

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10
Q

Caput Succedaneum

A

Swelling of the soft tissues on a babys head caused by pressure during delivery, resolving by it self

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11
Q

Cervical Mucous

A

Fluid produced by the cervix that changes in consistency throughout the menstrual cycle, helping with sperm transport during ovulation

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12
Q

Cervix

A

Lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, dilates during labour

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13
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure in cells made of DNA, which carries genetic information, humans have 46 chromosomes-23 pairs

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14
Q

Clitoris

A

An erectile organ located at the top of the vulva

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15
Q

Corona Radiata

A

Layer of cells surrounding the oocyte providing nutrients and helping with fertilisation

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16
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Seam between frontal and parietal bones of skull

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17
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

Degenerated form of the corpus luteum when pregnancy does not occur, making the end of luteal phase

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18
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Temporary endocrine suture formed in the ovary after ovulation that secretes progesterone to support early pregnancy

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19
Q

Diploid Cell

A

A cell with 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent; typical in human cells

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20
Q

Ductus Arteriosis

A

A fetal blood vessel connecting pulmonary artery to aorta, allowing blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs

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21
Q

Ductus Venous

A

A fetal blood vessel that shunts blood away from the liver, directing it to inferior vena cava

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22
Q

Embryo

A

The early stage of fetal development from fertilisation until the 8th week of pregnancy

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23
Q

Endometrium

A

inner lining of the uterus, which thickens in preparation for pregnancy and is shed during menstrual cycle if egg not fertilised

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24
Q

Extrauterine

A

Outside the uterus, often referring to fetal development outside the womb

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25
Fallopian tube
Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus and where fertilisation usually occurs
26
Fetal Period
Stage of development from the 9th week of pregnancy until birth, when major organs and structures mature
27
Fetus
Developing baby from 9th week of pregnancy until birth
28
Fimbriae
Finger-like projections at the end of fallopian tube that help capture egg during ovulation
29
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles.
30
Follicular Phase
The first half of the menstrual cycle, when follicles mature in preparation for ovulation.
31
Foramen Ovale
A hole in the fetal heart that allows blood to flow directly from right atrium to left atrium, bypassing the lungs
32
Frontal Bone
Bone that forms the forehead and part of the eye socket
33
Frontal Suture
Seam between 2 halves of the frontal bone in the skull, closes after 18 months
34
Gamete
A reproductive cell (ovum or sperm) with half the genetic material needed for fertilisation
35
Gestational Age
age of the fetus or pregnancy, usually measured from the first dat of LNMP
36
GnRH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary.
37
Gonads
The reproductive organs (ovaries in females, testes in males) that produce gametes and sex hormones.
38
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
A hormone that stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH, crucial for reproductive function.
39
Granulosa Cells
Cells surrounding an oocyte in the ovarian follicle, responsible for secreting estrogen and supporting egg maturation.
40
Gynecoid
A pelvic shape considered ideal for vaginal birth, characterized by a round or oval-shaped inlet.
41
Haploid Cell
A cell with half the number of chromosomes, typical of gametes (sperm and egg).
42
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
A hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy, detected in urine and blood tests to confirm pregnancy.
43
Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
A hormone produced by the placenta that promotes milk production and adjusts the mother's metabolism for pregnancy.
44
Hypothalamus
A region of the brain that controls various bodily functions, including the release of hormones that regulate reproduction.
45
Inhibin
A hormone produced by the ovaries and testes that inhibits the secretion of FSH, regulating the reproductive cycle.
46
IUI (Intrauterine Insemination)
A fertility treatment where sperm is directly inserted into the uterus to increase the chance of pregnancy.
47
Labia Majora
The outer, larger folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening.
48
Labia Minora
The smaller, inner folds of skin located within the labia majora.
49
Lamboidal Suture
The suture that connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones in the skull.
50
Listeria
A type of bacteria that can cause food borne illness and dangerous during pregnancy as it can lead to miscarriage or fetal infection
51
Luteal Phase
phase after ovulation where the corpus luteum secretes progesterone to support the uterine lining, preparing for pregnancy
52
Luteinising Hormone (LH)
Hormone released by pituitary gland that triggers ovulation and supports the formation of the corpus luteum
53
Meiossi
cell devision that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in gametes
54
Menarche
first occurrence of menstruation
55
Menopause
Biological process marking the end of a womans reproductive years, cease of menstruation
56
Menstrual Phase
when the uterine lining is shed
57
Morula
solid ball of cells formed after the zygote undergoes several divisions, before becoming a blastocyst
58
Naegle's Rule
A method for estimating the due date by subtracting 3 months from the first day of the LNMP and adding 7 days
59
Oogenesis
the process of oocyte formation in the ovaries
60
Pelvic Brim/Inlet
Upper edge of pelvis, forming the boundary between the false and true pelvis
61
Pelvic Cavity
space within the pelvis that contains reproductive organs, bladder and rectum
62
Pelvic Floor
Group of muscles and ligaments that support the organs within the pelvis
63
Pelvic Outlet
Lower opening of the pelvis where baby passes during vaginal delivery
64
Platypelloid
A pelvic shape characterized by a wide, flat inlet that is less favorable for vaginal birth.

MID2000 Exam Revison (13 decks)

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