Glossary Exam 2

Question 1

Accessory chemicals

Answer 1

see supplemental fluids

Question 2

Adipocere (gravewax)

Answer 2

a wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil

Question 3

Arterial (vascular) fluid

Answer 3

the concentrated, preservative embalming chemical that will be diluted with water (or another appropriate vehicle such as alcohol) to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial (vascular) system during vascular (arterial) embalming.

Question 4

Autolysis

Answer 4

self-digestion or self-destruction of the body by autolytic enzymes

Question 5

Autopsy chemicals

Answer 5

those chemicals specifically designed for use in the preparation of bodies following an autopsy.

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

a compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol (sugars, starches, and glycogen).

Question 7

Cavity Fluid

Answer 7

concentrated embalming chemicals which are injected into the cavities of the body following aspiration in cavity embalming. These fluids can also be used for surface and hypodermic embalming of the problem areas.

Question 8

Coagulation

Answer 8

the process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde.

Question 9

Colloid

Answer 9

a solution-like system in which the size of the solute particle is between 1 and 100 nanometers. Particles of solute pass through filters but not membranes.

Question 10

Combustion

Answer 10

the rapid oxidation or burning that produces heat and light.

Question 11

Concentrated solution

Answer 11

a solution containing a relatively large amount of solute.

Question 12

Concentrations

Answer 12

the ratio of mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent.

Question 13

Condensation

Answer 13

A change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid

Question 14

Crystallization

Answer 14

The process by which a substance is given definite form

Question 15

Enzyme

Answer 15

a protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Question 16

fats

Answer 16

a common name for a triacylglycerol that is a semisolid or solid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of saturated fatty acids.

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

the microbial (enzymic) decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions

Question 18

formalin

Answer 18

formaldehyde gas dissolved in water at 37% by weight and 40% by volume

Question 19

Imbibition

Answer 19

the swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources

Question 20

Minimum lethal dose (MLD)

Answer 20

The smallest does of a poison (or radiation) on record that produces death.

Question 21

Modifying agents

Answer 21

chemicals for which there may be greatly varying demands predicted upon the type of embalming, the environment, and the arterial fluid to be used.

Question 22

Osmosis

Answer 22

The passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules but is permeable to the solvent.

Question 23

Oxides

Answer 23

a compound consisting of oxygen combined with only one other element

Question 24

poison

Answer 24

any substance that imperils health or life when absorbed into the body

Question 25

Polymerization

Answer 25

the linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer

Question 26

Pre-injection fluids (primary injections/capillary wash)

Answer 26

fluids designed to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute with greater facility

Question 27

preservatives

Answer 27

components of embalming solutions used to inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins and amino acids; to inhibit decomposition; to kill microorganisms; destroy odors and eliminate their further formation; and to inactivate enzymes.

Question 28

Primary injection (pre-injection)

Answer 28

the first or initial injection, may or may not contain preservatives

Question 29

Putrefaction

Answer 29

the decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria

Question 30

restorative fluids

Answer 30

supplemental fluids that may enhance arterial fluids by the addition of special chemicals such as humectants

Question 31

saponification

Answer 31

the reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap)

Question 32

Saturated Solution

Answer 32

a solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure

Question 33

secondary injection

Answer 33

the injection taking place after the primary injection (first injection/pre-injection)

Question 34

simple lipids

Answer 34

a compound whose hydrolytic products are fatty acids and alcohols

Question 35

Sublimation

Answer 35

a physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas

Question 36

supplemental fluids (accessory chemicals)

Answer 36

fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection. Supplemental fluids generally fall into one of three categories: pre-injection, co-injection, and humectants or restorative fluids.

Question 37

Supplementary germicides

Answer 37

additional germicides added to embalming fluid

Question 38

substrate

Answer 38

the material upon which an enzyme works

Question 39

toxin

Answer 39

a poisonous substance produced by higher plants, animals, or pathogenic bacteria that is toxic (poisonous) to humans.

Question 40

vascular (arterial) fluid

Answer 40

see arterial fluid

Question 41

was

Answer 41

a type of lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and/or saturated fatty acids and high molecular weight alcohols (not glycerol)