Glossary Terms Flashcards
(23 cards)
Amino Acid
small molecules that form proteins
Allele
a version of a gene
each organism gets 2; one from its mother and one from its father
Base
part of a DNA molecule
4 types: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine
2 bases form the “rungs” of DNA
Base Pair
2 bases join together to make up genetic code
A + T and G + C
DNA
molecule containing genetic information
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Dominant Trait
feature that appears when at least one allele is present
Dominant Allele
a gene that is expressed even when only one copy is present
Double Helix
structure of 2 chains twisted around each other
Gene
unit of genetic information
section of DNA coding for a specific trait
Generation
family members born and alive at the same time
Genotype
pair of alleles that influence the appearance of a particular trait
Chromosome
DNA molecule that condenses in cell division.
Human cell = 46
Human Sex Cell = 23
Heterozygous
genotype where two alleles are different
Homozygous
genotype where two alleles are the same
Homologous pair
two chromosomes that contain versions of the same genes
one from its mother and one from its father
Mitosis
cell division that produces cells for growth and repair
Meiosis
cell division that produces sex cells for reproduction
Daughter cell
any new cell formed in cell division
Parent cell
any cell that divided to form new cells
Crossing over
the swapping of genes between chromosomes in a homologous pair
occurs in meiosis (prophase I)
Recessive allele
a version of a gene that only expresses when 2 copies are present
Trait
a feature of an organism
- hair colour/texture
- eye colour
- height
Sex Chromosome
chromosomes that determine an organisms sex.
