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Biology 10 > Photosynthesis + Respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis + Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical Equation: Photosynthesis

A

6CO₂ + 6H₂O –Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

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2
Q

Word Equation: Photosynthesis

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP) –Light Energy–> Glucose + Oxygen Gas + Water

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3
Q

Stage 1: Photosynthesis

A
  • the light dependent stage
  • occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplast
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4
Q

Stage 2: Photosynthesis

A
  • the light INdependent stage
  • occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast; also known as the CALVIN CYCLE
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5
Q

How many stages of photosynthesis are there? And what are they called?

A

2, light dependent stage and light independent stage

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6
Q

What is the chloroplast?

A
  • an organelle
  • has a double membrane
  • contains chlorophyll
  • found in green plants
  • carry out photosynthesis
  • work constantly 24/7
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7
Q

Structure of a chloroplast

A
  • outer membrane
  • inner membrane
  • the stroma (gel-like matrix, rich with enzymes) in the inner membrane
  • 3rd membrane system called the thylakoid membrane
  • membrane sacs called grana (granum)
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8
Q

Nucleoid (chloroplast)

A
  • circular DNA
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9
Q

Outer membrane (chloroplast)

A
  • semi-porous
  • lets small molecules and ions in and out
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10
Q

Inner membrane (chloroplast)

A
  • regulates diffusion
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11
Q

Starch Grains

A
  • storage of glucose
  • long chains of glucose
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12
Q

Granum; Grana (chloroplast)

A
  • stack of thylakoids
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13
Q

Stroma (chloroplast)

A
  • site of stage 2 - light independent stage of photosynthesis
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14
Q

Thylakoid (chloroplast)

A
  • contains chlorophyll
  • site of stage 1- light dependent
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15
Q

Limiting Factor? (photosynthesis)

A

the factor that is missing or in short supply
- sunlight
- carbon dioxide
- water

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16
Q

CHLOROPHYLL HAS TO BE PRESENT

A
  • even though its not a reactant (photosynthesis)
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17
Q

What extra things are needed for photosynthesis to occur?

A

Chlorophyll and Sun-light energy

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18
Q

Which stage produces ATP? (photosynthesis)

A

Dependent stage (light)

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19
Q

Which stage produces ADP? (photosynthesis)

A

Independent stage (dark)

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20
Q

Which stage releases oxygen?(photosynthesis)

A

Dependent stage (light)

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21
Q

Which stage forms glucose? (photosynthesis)

A

Independent stage (dark)

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22
Q

Which stage absorbs carbon dioxide? (photosynthesis)

A

Independent stage (dark)

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23
Q

Which stage can only run in the daylight? (photosynthesis)

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A

Dependent stage (light)

24
Q

Which stage absorbs water? (photosynthesis)

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A

Dependent stage (light)

25
What happens to Oxygen gas during the dependent stage? (photosynthesis)
It is released from the plant as a waste product.
26
Where are the most Stroma located?
- on the underside of the leaf?
27
Transpiration
- when water leaves the plant through the stroma and turns into water vapor in the environment.
28
Guard cells
- when both guard cells swell with water, a gap opens between them and the stroma is OPEN. - when the water is removed from the guard cells, they shrink, their edges come into contact and the stroma is CLOSED.
29
Cellular respiration
- where cells break down glucose to produce ATP energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
30
How many stages of cellular respiration?
3 stages; - glycolysis - krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) - electron transport chain
31
What is glycolysis? Where does it occur? What is produced?
- occurs in cytoplasm - 2 ATP produced - does NOT require oxygen
32
What is the Krebs Cycle (citric acid)? Where does it occur? What is produced?
- occurs in the mitochondrial matrix - 2 ATP produced - requires oxygen
33
What is the electron transport chain? Where does it occur? What is produced?
- occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane - electrons release energy - produces 34 ATP molecules per 1 glucose molecule - requires oxygen
34
Anaerobic respiration (EQUATIONS)
- ANIMALS: C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + energy (glucose to lactic acid and energy) - PLANTS: C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + energy (glucose to ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy)
35
What is anaerobic respiration?
- occurs in the cytosol - produces 2 ATP - causes muscle fatigue - glucose converted to lactic acid (animals) or ethanol (plants)
36
Alcohol fermentation
- produces 2 ATP - occurs in yeast and some bacteria
37
What molecule is broken down in Photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
38
Aerobic Respiration (EQUATION)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) Glucose + Oxygen → ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water
39
What is Aerobic respiration?
- occurs in the mitochondria - produces 34-38 ATP molecules per 1 glucose
40
Where does the Calvin Cycle happen?
- mitochondria
41
What energy do autotrophs use to make food?
- sunlight
42
Raw materials for photosynthesis
- carbon dioxide - water - energy
43
Where are most photosynthetic cells found in plants?
Leaves
44
How many membranes surround a chloroplast?
- two; inner and outer
45
Describe the outer chloroplast membrane
Smooth
46
What are the individual sacs in a chloroplast called?
Thylakoids in stack-like pancakes
47
What other pigments trap sunlight? Colour?
Accessory Pigments; red, orange, yellow, brown
48
What are stacks of thylakoids called?
Granum (singular), Grana (plural)
49
Stacks of thylakoids are connected by what?
Lamellae
50
What do mitochondria do?
Burn or break down chemical bonds of glucose to release energy
51
What cell process happens in mitochondria?
Cellular Respiration
52
Why do some cells have more mitochondria?
They are more active cells Muscle cells
53
What energy does glucose release when broken?
ATP energy
54
Why is the inner mitochondrial membrane folded? What are they called?
- to increase the surface area - cristae
55
Comparison of Photosynthesis and Respiration
P: inputs light, water and CO2 : outputs oxygen, glucose R: inputs oxygen, glucose : outputs ATP, CO2 and water B: involve glucose, oxygen and CO2 : create energy, have multiple stages
56
Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Ae: inputs oxygen and glucose : outputs ATP and water An: inputs glucose : outputs ATP and CO2; ethanol or lactic acid B: produce ATP and involve glucose
57
What functions in the cell does ATP contribute to?
Growth and Repair (cell division) Photosynthesis

Biology 10 (6 decks)

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