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Anatomy Exam 4 > Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Gluteal Region Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is the anatomic position of the hip bone?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle are in the same vertical plane

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of a hip bone?

A
  1. ilium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
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3
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

2 hip bones together

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4
Q

What makes up the bony pelvis?

A
  1. pelvic girdle
  2. Sacrum
  3. Coccyx
    All bound together by ligaments
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5
Q

Ligaments of the bony pelvis?

A
  1. Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
  2. Sacrospinous Ligament
  3. Sacrotuberous Ligament
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6
Q

Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament job

A
  1. Between the iliac fossa and sacrum

2. Keeps vertebral body and hip bone together

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7
Q

Sacrospinous Ligament

A
  1. Inferior to anterior sacroiliac ligament

2. Joins the PIIS and lower sacrum together

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8
Q

Sacrotuberous Ligament

A
  1. Sacrum to ischial tuberosity

2. Attaches all along sacrum and narrows down to attach to ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

Where do the gluteal muscles attach?

A
  1. Gluteus maximus attaches behind the posterior gluteal line
  2. Gluteus medius attaches between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines
  3. Gluteal minimus attaches between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
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10
Q

Characteristics of iliac crest

A
  1. Reaches superiorly up to L4

2. Extends from ASIS to PSIS

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11
Q

Characteristics of the Acetabulum

A
  1. Superior 2/5 on ilium
  2. Posterior 2/5 on ischium
  3. Anteromedial 1/5 on pubic ramus
  4. Where the head of the femur articulates
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12
Q

Characteristics of Ala

A
  1. Part of ilium
  2. Attachment site for gluteal muscles laterally and iliacus muscle on medial side
  3. Contains the iliac fossa - where the iliacus muscle attaches
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13
Q

What does the body of the ischium contain?

A
  1. Ischial tuberosity
  2. Ischial spine
  3. Lesser sciatic notch- formed by ischial spine
  4. Greater sciatic notch- formed by ilium and ischium
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14
Q

What does the superior ramus of the pubis fuse?

A

Ischium and ilium within the acetabulum forms the pectin line

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15
Q

What does the inferior ramus of the pubis contain?

A
  1. Obturator crest
  2. Obturator foramen
  3. Acetabulum
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16
Q

Characteristics of the greater sciatic foramen

A
  1. Passageway for all lower limb nerves and arteries
  2. Formed by greater sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament
  3. Filled with piriformis muscle
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17
Q

Characteristics of lesser sciatic foramen

A
  1. Formed by lesser sciatic notch, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
  2. Filled with obturator internus muscle
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18
Q

What structures pass through the lesser sciatic notch?

A
  1. Tendon to obturator internus muscle
  2. Internal pudendal vessels
  3. Pudendal nerve
  4. Nerve to obturator internus
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19
Q

Characteristics of obturator foramen

A
  1. Covered by obturator membrane
  2. Useless foramen- makes the hips lighter
  3. Obturator nerve and artery only things to pass through
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20
Q

How are the gluteal muscles organized?

A
  1. superficial layer

2. Deep layer

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21
Q

Superficial gluteal muscles

A
  1. Gluteus maximus
  2. Gluteus medius
  3. Gluteus minimus
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22
Q

Characteristics of gluteus maximus

A

O: sacrotuberous ligament, ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity and IT band
A: extend and laterally rotate thigh, aids in rising from sitting positions
N: Inferior Gluteal
Blood vessels: superior and inferior gluteal arteries

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23
Q

Characteristics of gluteus medius

A

O: ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal line
I: Greater trochanter
A: A-Bduction and medial rotate thigh, aids hip from sagging
N: Superior gluteal
Blood Vessel: Superior gluteal artery

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24
Q

Characteristics of gluteus minimus

Study These Flashcards
A 
O: Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines 
I: Greater trochanter 
A: A-Bduction amd medial rotation 
Blood vessel: Superior gluteal 
Nerve: Superior gluteal
25
What is positive trendelenburg sign?
- damage to superior gluteal nerve | - causes waddling gait, hip steppage gait, swinging gait, clapping foot
26
What muscles make up the deep layer of gluteal region?
1. Piriformis 2. Obturator internus 3. Levator ani 4. Superior and Inferior Gemmellus 5. Quadratus femoris
27
What is the main action of the deep muscles?
Stabilize hip joint and laterally rotate the thigh
28
Characteristics of Piriformis
O: Anterior surface of sacrum (inside the pelvis) I: Greater trochanter A: lateral rotation of thigh N: S1, S2
29
Characteristics of Obturator Internus
O: obturator membrane I: Greater trochanter A: Lateral rotation, extension, A-Bduction of flexed thigh N: nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1,S2) Comes through lesser sciatic foramen
30
Characteristics of Levator Ani
Has 3 muscles: 1. puborectalis 2. pubococcygeus 3. Iliococcygeus
31
Characteristics of Superior Gemellus
O: Ischial spine I: Tendon of obturator internus A: Lateral rotation, extension, A-Bduction of flexed thigh N: nerve to obturator internus
32
Characteristics of Inferior Gemellus
O: Ischial tuberosity I: Tendon of obturator internus A: Lateral rotation, extension, A-Bduction of flexed thigh N: nerve to quadratus femoris
33
Characteristics of Quadratus Femoris
O: Ischial tuberosity I: Intertrochanteric crest A: Laterally rotate thigh N: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
34
What is the sacral plexus formed by?
Ventral primary rami of lumbosacral trunk (L4-S4) which exit the greater sciatic foramen
35
What do the nerves of the sacral plexus innervate?
1. Gluteal region 2. Posterior thigh 3. Entire leg 4. Entire foot
36
What are the nerves originating from the posterior division of the sacral plexus?
1. Common peroneal/fibular nerve 2. superior gluteal 3. Inferior gluteal 4. Posterior femoral cutaneous 5. Nerve to piriformis
37
What are the nerves originating from the anterior division of the sacral plexus?
1. Tibial nerve 2. Nerve to obturator internus 3. Nerve to quadratus femoris 4. Pudendal nerve 5. Nerve to levator ani
38
What is unique about the nerve to the piriformis?
Only nerve to not leave the pelvis
39
Characteristics about the superior gluteal nerve
L4-S1 posterior division 1. Exits the greater sciatic foramen ABOVE the piriformis muscle 2. Innervates the gluteas medius and minimus muscles
40
Characteristics about the Inferior Gluteal nerve
L5-S2 posterior division 1. Innervates the gluteus maximus 2. Exits the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle
41
Characteristics about the Sciatic Nerve
L4-S3 posterior division 1. Leaves below the piriformis muscle 2. Has its own blood supply 3. Consists of 2 nerves- Tibial and Common Peroneal 4. Damage to this nerve will cause the back of the leg to hurt not the gluteal region
42
Characteristics of the tibial nerve
1. One part of the sciatic nerve 2. Part of the anterior division 3. L4-S3 4. Inside a sheath
43
Characteristics of the common peroneal nerve
1. One part of the sciatic nerve 2. Part of the posterior division 3. L4-S2 4. Can sometimes come out through the piriformis muscle causing problems
44
Characteristics of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
S2-S4 1. Innervates skin on back of the thigh 2. Made up of both anterior and posterior division
45
Characteristics of the nerve to the piriformis
S1-S2 posterior division 1. Only nerve to not leave the pelvis 2. Muscular nerve
46
Characteristics of the nerve to the quadratus femoris
L4-S1 anterior division | 1. supplies quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
47
Characteristics of the nerve to the obturator internus
L5-S2 anterior division | 1. Innvervates obturator internus and superior gemellus
48
Characteristics of the pudendal nerve
S2-S4 anterior division 1. Comes out the ischiorectal fossa 2. Comes into gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen and goes back through the lesser sciatic foramen 3. Gives inferior rectal nerve branch
49
What do the arteries of the gluteal region originate from?
Mostly the internal iliac artery which breaks up into anterior and posterior divisions 2 branches come from the external iliac artery
50
Superior gluteal artery
Supplies gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia latae
51
Inferior gluteal artery
1. anterior division | 2. Supplies gluteus maximus and the short lateral rotators of the thigh
52
Internal pudendal artery
1. There is also an external pudendal | 2. supplies the perineal region
53
What are the 2 branches of the external iliac artery in this region?
1. Inferior epigastric artery | 2. Obturator artery
54
Cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region comes from what 3 branches?
1. Superior clunial nerve 2. Medial clunial nerve 3. Inferior clunial nerve
55
Superior clunial nerve levels
L1, L2, L3 | Dorsal primary rami
56
Medial clunial nerve levels
S1, S2, S3 | Posterior rami
57
Inferior clunial nerve levels
From the sacral plexus- posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
58
Where should someone do a gluteal injection?
Superior lateral quadrant

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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