Glycolysis

Question 1

Glycolysis aka

Answer 1

Embden-Myerhof pathway

Question 2

Glycogen converts _______ into ______.

Answer 2

One 6-carbon glucose

Two 3 carbon pyruvates

Question 3

Glycolysis happens in which cells

Answer 3

All cells of the body

Question 4

_______cells do not have mitochondria to finish the rest of cellular respiration.

Answer 4

Red blood cells

Question 5

Glycolysis takes place in

Answer 5

cytosol/cytoplasm

Question 6

What are the key enzymes in glycolysis?

Answer 6

hexokinase/glucokinase
phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase

Question 7

What is the rate limiting step in glycolysis?

Answer 7

phosphofructokinase

Question 8

What are the two phases of glycolysis?

Answer 8

Preparatory (investing) phase - 1st 5 steps

Pay off phase - last 5 steps

Question 9

Step two of glycolysis is conversion of what?

Answer 9

Glucose-6-phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate

Question 10

What is the enzyme for step two?

Answer 10

phosphoglucose isomerase (changes spatial arrangement)

Question 11

Step one of glycolysis converts what?

Answer 11

Glucose into glucose-6-phosphate

Question 12

What is the enzyme used in step one?

Answer 12

glucokinase in liver

Hexokinase in all other cells

Question 13

Is step one reversible or irreversible?

Answer 13

irreversible

Question 14

Does step one use ATP?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

Which step in glycolysis is the most important rate limiting step? What happens?

Answer 15

Step 3 - conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Question 16

What happens in step 4?

Answer 16

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate converters into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)

Question 17

What enzyme is used in step 4?

Answer 17

aldolase

Question 18

What enzyme converts DHAP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate? Step 5

Answer 18

Trios phosphate isomerase

Question 19

Which steps use ATP in the investing phase?

Answer 19

Step 1 and 3

Question 20

Step 6 converts what two things using which enzyme?

Answer 20

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

Enzyme: G3P dehydrogenase

Question 21

What is used in step 6?

Answer 21

NAD+ and Pi

Question 22

Step 7 converts 1,6 bisphosphoglycerate to3-phosphoglycerate suing what enzyme?

Answer 22

phosphoglycerate kinase

Question 23

Step 7 is known as the _________ point. Why?

Answer 23

Break even

2ATP were used and 2 ATP produced

Question 24

Step 8 converts 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate using which enzyme?

Answer 24

phosphoglycerate mutase

Question 25

Step 9 converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate using which enzyme? Removes what molecule?

Answer 25

Enolase | water

Question 26

What is the enzyme in step 10?

Answer 26

pyruvate kinase

Question 27

How many ATP are created in step 10?

Answer 27

2 ATP

Question 28

Hexokinase is an allosterically regulated enzyme. Which is inhibited by it's product:

Answer 28

Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 29

What would happen if there were too much glucose-6-phosphate in the cell?

Answer 29

The cell would swell

Question 30

Glucokinase if found in the _____ and activated by _____. It is inhibited by what?

Answer 30

Liver Insulin Fructose-6-bisphosphate

Question 31

PFK is inhibited by what 4 things?

Answer 31

ATP, citrate, NADH, glucagon

Question 32

PFK is activated by?

Answer 32

AMP, ADP, insulin, F2,6B

Question 33

Pyruvate kinase is activate by what?

Answer 33

F1,6B and AMP

Question 34

Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by what?

Answer 34

ATP, fatty acids, alanine, and acetyl CoA

Question 35

4 possible fates of pyruvate:

Answer 35

``` ORCT Oxidation Reduction Carboxylation Transanimation ```

Question 36

Oxidation: pyruvate is oxidized to what? Enters which cycle?

Answer 36

Acetyl CoA | TCA/Krebs

Question 37

What enzyme catalyzes pyruvate to acetyl CoA? What else is needed?

Answer 37

Pyruvate dehydrogenation | thiamine

Question 38

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by what?

Answer 38

ATP, acetyl CoA, and NADH

Question 39

Reduction reaction (anaerobic) turns pyruvate into what? Using?

Answer 39

Lactate | lactate dehydrogenase

Question 40

Carboxylation turns pyruvate into what? Using?

Answer 40

oxaloacetate | Pyruvate carboxylase

Question 41

Transanimation turns pyruvate into what? Using?

Answer 41

Alanine | Alanine transanimase

Question 42

Pyruvate enters the __________ and is converted into ______ to enter the Krebs cycle.

Answer 42

mitochondrion | Acetyl CoA