Government Policies Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is privatisation?
Where services that were once owned by the state are transferred to private companies.
What are the two types of privatisation?
Endogenous (IN) and Exogenous (OF)
What is endogenous privatisation?
privatisation within education, wehre schools, universities and colleges begin ot operate more like a private business
How are schools, uni’s, and colleged ran like a private business?
- LMS - where schools manage themselves like independent businesses
- Competitoon between schools for students
- Performace related pay - teachers paid by how hard the work and how well thier students work
- Parental choice of schools
- League Tables
- Inspections
- Formula funding - funded by the number of pupils so encouraged to recruit students for a larger income
What is exogenous privatisation?
Privatisation from outside of education.
Where private businesses design, manage or develiver parts of education that used to be run by the state.
What do companies take over in exogenous privatisation?
- School services - staff training, consultancy/advice, building maintencance, transport, supply teachers, ICT, payroll, e.t.c
- Management of Schools
- School inspection
- Designing, building, financing and operating school buildings
- Branding of schools - website construction, logo
- Exam bourds
What is globalisation?
The growing interconnectedness of societies across the world, with the spread of the same culture, consumer goods, and economic interest.
How has globalisation impacted education policy?
Privatisation and marketisation of education and the use of international comparisons to form policies.
What are the government actions on education?
- The national literacy and numeracy strategies - made a requirement in every primary school in England to teach two hours of each a day
- Slimming down the national curriculum - to ‘essential knowledge’
- Raising the academic entry requirement for trainee teachers - derived from Finland which has for years been a world leader for its successful approach to education
What has the 1997 Labour government aimed to do?
Reduce inequality in achievement as well as to promote greater diversity, choice and competition. They believe in doing this, Britain would turn into a high skill, high wage society and be able to compete in the global economy
What policies have been introduced to reduce inequality?
- Designating deprived areas as Education Action Zones and providing them with additional resources
- The Aim Higher Programme
- Educational Maintenance Allowance
- A proposal to raise the school leaving age to 18 by 2015
- smaller class sizes in primary schools
What is The Aim Higher Programme?
To raise aspirations of groups who are under-represented in education
What is the Educational Maintenance Allowance (EMAs)?
Payments to students from low-income backgrounds to encourgae them to stay on after 16 and gain better qualifications
What labour policies have been put in place to promote diversity and choice?
- Secondary schools were encouraged to apply for specialist school status. By 2007, 85% of all had become specialist schools
- Plans to promote academies - to try to raise standards
What policies related to gender?
- The Tripartite system - in 1970s girls had to score a higher mark than boys in the 11+ to go into grammer school
- Girls inot science and technology was a policy encouraging girls to excel in subjects not always encouraged for girls
- Introducation of national curriculum - removed gender differences in most subject choices
What policies relate to ethnicity?
- Assimilation
- Multicilural Education
- Social inclusion
What is Assimilation?
Policies in 60s and 70s that focused on the need for minority ethnic pupils to assimilate into mainstream British Culture, said to raise educational achievement even for those who didn’t speak english as first language.
What is a criticism of assimilation?
Assimilation policies do not reduce ethnic minority underachievement, as the main causes of this are instead racism and poverty.
What is Multicultural Education (MCE)?
Policies in 80s and 90s aimed to promote achievements of children from minority ethnic groups. By valuing all cultures in the school curriculum and raising self-esteem and therefore achievements.
What are the criticisms of Multicultural Education?
- Stone - Black pupils don’t fail because of lack of self esteem so MCE is misguided
- MCE is tokenism, it focuses on visiable parts of cultural inclusion, looking on sutface level but not tackling institutional racism and issues harder to avoid
- New Right say that MCE encourages cultural division
What did Waters say about globalisation?
globalisation is a coial process which contraints of geography on economic, political, social and cultural arrangements have declined
What did Giddens say about globalisation?
globalisation is the interconnectedness of societies
What did Kelly say about impacts of globalisation on education?
British education policies aims to allow British students to compete with international students
What did Michael Gove and the Coalition government do in terms of globalisation?
Used Britain’s falling position on PISA league table to see primary and secondary standards and exams
