Gram (+) & Gram (-) organism Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
Gram (+), catalase (+), coagulase (+)
A
Staph Aureus
2
Q
Gram (+), catalase (+), coagulase (-), Novobiocin sensitive
A
Staph Epidermidis
3
Q
Gram (+), catalase (+), coagulase (-), Novobiocin resistant
A
Staph Saprophyticus
4
Q
Gold color in Staph Aureus is due to
A
Staphyloxanthin
5
Q
Staph Aureus immunomodulator that prevent complement activation
A
Protein A
6
Q
Exotoxin of Staph aureus responsible of TSS
A
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST-1)
7
Q
Exotoxin of Staph aureus w/c causes marcked necrosis of skin and hemolysis
A
Alpha toxin
8
Q
Causes mastitis and bullous empitigo
A
Staph Aureus
9
Q
Causes Hidradenitis suppurativa
A
Staph Aureus
10
Q
Native valve affected in Acute endocarditis cause by Staph Aureus in IV drug users
A
Tricuspid valve
11
Q
Pneumonia caused by Staph Aureus
A
Necrotizing pneumonia complicated by empyema, pneumatocele
Post-viral pneumonia
12
Q
Brodie abscess
A
Staph aureus
13
Q
Gastroenteritis after eating salad made of mayonnaise (potato or tuna salad)
A
Staph aureus
Staph enterotoxin
14
Q
Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter disease) caused by
A
Staph aureus
15
Q
Scalded Skin Syndrome exfoliation cleaves ________ in desmosomes
Separation of epidermis at _________
A
Desmoglein
Stratum granulosum
distinguish from TEN(Lyell disease) full thickness burns
–separation at dermo-epidermal junction
16
Q
Patient presented with fever, hypotension, strawberry tongue, desquamating rash and multiorgan involvement
Hx tampon using and nasal packing
A
Toxic Shock Syndrome
- no site of pyogenic inflammation
17
Q
Exotoxin that causes Scarlet fever
A
Erythrogenic toxin
Strep pyogenes
18
Q
Protease from S. pyogenes that rapidly destroys tissue causing necrotizing fasciitis
A
Exotoxin B
19
Q
Titers to document antecedent pharyngitis
A
Anti-streptolysin 0
20
Q
Titers to document antecedent skin infection
A
Anti- DNAse B
21
Q
Causes impetigo contagiosa and Erysipelas
A
Strep Pyogenes
22
Q
Cellulitis in Strep pyogenes is facilated by what virulence enzyme?
A
Hyaluronidase (spreading factor)
23
Q
Causes Scarlet fever
A
Strep Pyogenes
24
Q
Due to erythrogenic toxin, causes fever, strawberry tongue, centrifugal rash (sand paper like), Pastia’s Lines
A
Scarlet fever
25
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is due?
Pyogenic Exotoxin A
26
What virulence factor is responsible for Rheumatic fever in post pharyngitic px
M proteins (molecular mimicry)
27
Jone's Criteria for ARF
```
PECCS
Polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum
Chorea (Sydenham's) / St. Vitus dance
Carditis (Pancarditis)
Subcutaneous nodules
```
28
Clinical Sequelae of postpharyngitic or post impetigo
Glomerulonephritis/ ARF
| Tx. Pen G
29
Glomerulonephritis is due to
M protein w/c incites immune complex deposition on the glomerular basement membrane
30
```
Gram (+) cocci Catalase (-) Beta hemolytic Bacitracin Resistant
Hydrolyze Hippurate
CAMP test-positive
Lancefield group B
Grow using LIM broth
```
Strep Agalactiae
31
Gamma non hemolytic,
Hydrolyzes esculin in bile esculin agar (BEA)
Positive PYR test
Group D Streptococci
| enterococcus
32
Grow in 6.5% NaCL
Enterococcus faecalis
33
Dont grow in 6.5 % NaCL
Strep Bovis
34
Cause of endocarditis in px who underwent GIT surgery
Enterococcus Faecalis
35
Marantic endocarditis in patients w/ abdominal malignancy
Strep. Bovis
36
Common cause of Atypical Pneumonia
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Legionella Pneumoniae
Clamydia Penumoniae
37
Gram (+) "Lancet shaped" cocci in pairs (diplococci)
Bile Optochin Sensitive
Alpha hemolytic
Quellung positive
Strep Pneumoniae
38
Encapsulated Bacteria
```
Some Killers Have Pretty Nice and Shiny Bodies
S. Pneumoniae
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
H. Influenza
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Neisseria meningitidis
Salmonella Typhi
B group Strep (agalactiae)
```
39
Pneumonia cause by Strep Pneumoniae
Productive cough (rust colored sputum), lobar pattern
40
Gram (+) rods Spore Forming,
| Aerobic, nonmotile, Box-car shaped, medusa head
Bacillus Anthracis
41
Gram (+) rods Spore forming,
| Aerobic, motile, reheated fried rice
Bacillus Cereus
42
Gram (+) rods Spore forming,
| Anaerobic lollipop like, tennis racket like, (+) terminal spore
Clostridium Tetani
43
Gram (+) rods Spore forming,
| Anaerobic, bulging cans, honey
Clostridium Botulinum
44
Gram (+) rods Spore forming,
| Anaerobic, Lecithinase gas forming
Clostridium perfringens
45
Gram (+) rods Spore forming,
| Anaerobic, pseudomembranes, antibiotic associated diarrhea
Clostridium difficile
46
Gram (+) rods non Spore forming,
| Aerobic, nonmotile, chinese characters
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
47
Gram (+) rods non Spore forming,
| aerobic, curved, tumbling motility
Listeria monocytogenes
48
Woolsorter's Disease
Bacillus anthracis
| Inhalational Anthrax
49
Direct epidermal contact w/ spores causes formation of malignant pustule w/ subsequent eschar & central necrosis
Cutaneous anthrax
| Tx. Ciprofloxacin
50
DOC for cutaneous anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
51
DOC for inhalational/gastrointestinal anthrax
Ciprofloxacin w/ 1 or 2 additional anibiotics (rifampin, vancomycin,pinicillin, imipenem)
52
Causes of Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Inhalational Anthrax
Congenital syphilis
Weils syndrome
53
Protease that cleaves protein involved in the release of glycine from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
Tetanospasmin
54
MOA of botulinum toxin
Blocks acetylcholine release causes flaccid paralysis (descending pattern)
55
Exotoxin used in botox
Exotoxin A
56
Triad of Botulism
Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis (w/ prominent bulbar involvement)
Absence of fever
Intact sensorium
57
Floppy Baby Syndrome
Infant botulism
| due to absence of competitive bowel microbes
58
Double hemolysis on blood agar
| Growth in egg yolk agar
Clostridium perfringens
59
Gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens is due to what exotoxin
Alpha toxin
60
Nonbloody diarrhea associated w/ pseudomembranes (yellow white plaques) on colonic mucosa
Toxic megacolon
Pseudomembranous colitis
| caused by Clostridium difficile
61
Antibiotics that suppress normal flora and allow C. difficile to grow
Clindamycin, 2nd & 3rd gen ceph & ampicillin
62
Associated with metachromatic granules (Babes-Ernst granules/volutin granules)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
63
ABCDEFG of Diphtheria
```
ADP-ribosylation
Beta-prophage
Corynebacterium
Diphtheriae
Elongation Factor 2
Granules (Metachromatic)
```
64
Beta Prophage
| ABCDE of beta prophage encoded toxins
```
ShigA-like toxin (EHEC)
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Erythrogenic toxin (S. Pyogenes)
```
65
Condition with prominent thick, gray pseudomembranes over tonsils and throat
Diphtheria
66
Assoc with unpasteurized milk products causing granulomatosis infantiseptica
Listeria monocytogenes
67
Gram (-) diplococci encapsulated ferments glucose and maltose
Neisseria meningitidis
68
Gram (-) diplococci nonencapsulated ferments glucose only
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
69
Petechial or purpuric rash seen in meningococcemia
Purpura fulminans
70
Most severe form of meningococcemia;
| High fever, shock, DIC and adrenal insufficiency
Waterhouse Friderichson Syndrome
71
DOC for meningitis, meningococcemia
Penicillin G
72
Prevention of meningitis, meningococcemia
Vaccine Capsular polysaccharide of Strains A, C, Y and W 135
| Chemoprophylaxis: rifampin & ciprofloxacin
73
Condition where there is purulent conjunctivitis in newborn due to N gonorrhea
Opthalmia Neonatorum
74
Perihepatic complication of N. Gonorrhea PID w/c manifests with violin string
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
75
DOC for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea Cervicitis
Cefexime
76
Causes culture negative subacute bacterial endocarditis in patients with preexisting heart disease
Eikenella corrodens & Kingella kingae
77
HACEK organisms
```
H. aphrophilus
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae
```
78
Gram (-) rods enriched chocolate agar, polyribitol phosphate capsule
H. Influenzae type b
79
Gram (-) rods Bordet-Gengou agar, whooping cough ; Regan Lowe charcoal medium
Bordetella pertussis
80
Gram (-) poorly gram staining, silver stain, charcoal yeast agar, aircoditioning
Rapid urinary antigen test
Legionella pneumophilla
81
Satellite phenomenon around S aureus colonies
H. Influenzae
82
Responsible for the invasiveness of H influenzae
Type b (polyribitol phosphate)
83
Cherry red epiglottitis; thumb sign
H. Influenzae
84
DOC for H. influenzae caused Epiglottitis, Meningitis, OM
Ceftriaxone
85
Cause of the whooping in pertussis
Tracheal cytotoxin
86
Paroxysmal pattern of hacking coughs, accompanied by production of copious amounts of mucus that end with inspiratory whoop
Pertussis
87
DOC for pertussis
Erythromycin
88
Pneumonia accompanied by confusion, non bloody diarrhea, hyponatremia, proteinuria, hematuria
Pontiac fever
Legionnaire's disease
| Legionella pneumophila
89
Gram (-) rods Lactose fermenter, green sheen, EMB or MacConkey agar
E.coli
90
Gram (-) rods Lactose fermenter, urease positive, ESBL
Klebsiella pneumoniae
91
Gram (-) rods comma-shaped, motile, oxidase positive, shooting star
Vibrio cholerae
92
Gram (-) rods comma-shaped, microaerophilic, skirrow's agar
Campylobacter jejuni
93
Gram (-) rods comma-shaped, urease (+) Oxidase (+)
Helicobacter pylori
94
Non-lactose fermenting gram (-) rods motile, oxidase (-) H2S producer
Salmonella spp.
95
Non-lactose fermenting gram (-) rods non motile, oxidase negative, H2S nonproducer
Shigella spp
96
Non-lactose fermenting gram (-) rods, Swarming, oxidase negative, H2S producer, Urease
Proteus mirabilis
97
Non-lactose fermenting gram (-) rods Oxidase (+) H2S nonproducer obligate aerobe, multidrug resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
98
Cause of pneumonia, & neonatal meningitis in E.coli
Capsule (K)
99
Cause of Septic Shock in E.coli
Endotoxin (O)
100
Enterotoxin that cause watery diarrhea
HST & HLT
101
Enterotoxin that cause bloody diarrhea
Verotoxin (Shiga-like)
102
Cause of Neonatal Meningitis
B-E-L
B group streptococci (S. agalactiae)
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes
103
Traveller's Diarrhea
ETEC
104
Causes bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and HUS
EHEC
105
Montezuma's revenge
ETEC
106
Serotype of EHEC
E.coli 0157:H7
107
DOC for E.coli cause UTI
Ampicillin/ sulfonamides
108
DOC for E.coli cause meningitis, sepsis
3rd gen Cephalosporins
109
Test to detect salmonella antibodies in patient's serum
Widal's test
110
Salmonella that causes Enterocolitis
S. enteritidis/ S. typhimurium
111
What virulence factor causes Typhoid fever
Vi Capsular antigen
112
Etiologic agent for septicemia in patients with sickle cell anemia or cancer
Salmonella choleraesuis
113
Week in typhoid fever where (+) rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice
Week 2 (Urine)
114
Week in typhoid fever where (+) bleeding, ileitis, pneumonia
Week 3 (Stool)
115
Week in typhoid fever where (+) stepwise fever, relative bradycardia
Week 1 (Blood)
116
DOC for Typhoid fever in Philippines
Amoxicillin, chloramphenecol, co-trimoxazole
117
DOC for Typhoid fever
Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin
118
Part of the GIT that Shigella invades
Distal ileum and colon
119
Duval's bacillus
Group D Shigella sonnei
120
Newcastle Manchester Bacillus
Group C Shigella boydii
121
Shiga Bacillus
Shigella dysenteriae type 1
122
Schmitz Bacillus
Shigella dysenteriae type 2
123
Hiss and Russell's bacillus; Flexner's bacillus
Group B Shigella flexneri
124
Transmitted through raw seafood (sushi) causing gastroenteritis
V. parahaemolyticus
125
Transmitted through eating raw shellfish causing gastroenteritis
V. vulnificus
126
Pandemics caused by Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio Cholerae 01 biotype El Tor
127
ADP ribosylation
```
Activates Gs (Choleragen)
Inactivates Gi (Pertussis toxin)
```
128
Causes watery, foul smelling diarrhea followed by bloody stools accompanied with fever, severe abdominal pain (usually after eating undercooked chicken)
Campylobacter jejuni
129
Campylobacter jejuni is associated with
```
GBS
Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome)
```
130
Triad Reiter's syndrome
Urethritis, Uveitis, Arthritis
131
Urease Positive Bacteria
```
Particular Kinds Have Urease
Proteus mirabilis
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Helicobacter pylori
Ureaplasma urealyticum
```
132
DOC for H. Pylori infection
Omeprazole + Clarithromycin + Metronidazole or Amoxicillin
133
Causes Red "currant jelly" sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
134
```
4A's
Aspiration Pneumonia
Abscess in lungs and liver
Alcoholics
diAbetics
```
Klebsiella pneumoniae
135
Struvite stones composition
Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate
136
DOC for complicated UTI due to P mirabilis
TMP-SMX or ampicillin
137
Blue-green pigment seen in Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Pyocyanin
138
Etiologic agent in burn wound infection, hot tub folliculitis, skin graft loss due to infection & green nail syndrome
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
139
Associated with ventilator acquired pneumonia and High risk CAP
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
140
Structural lung lesions in Pseudomonas cause Pneumonia
Bronchiectasis
| Cystic fibrosis
141
Typhlitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
142
Shanghai fever
| Peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
143
Gram (-) rods, anaerobic with no lipid A in outer cell membrane causes infections commonly due to combinations of bacteria in synergistic pathogenicity
Bacteroides Fragilis
144
Gram (+) beta hemolytic bacitracin resistant
hydrolyze hippurate
CAMP test positive
Strep Agalactiae
