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RNA Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

All viruses are haploid except

A

retroviruses

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2
Q

Viruses with segmented genome

A 
B-O-A-R
Bunyaviruses
Orthomyxoviruses (influenza)
Arenaviruses
Reoviruses
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3
Q

Negative strand RNA viruses

A 
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Arenaviruses
Bunyaviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Filoviruses
Rhabdoviruses
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4
Q

RNA viruses Positive Sense

A

I went to a RETRO TOGA party, where I drank FLAVored CORONA beer and ate HIPPY CALIfornia PICkles.
Retrovirus, Togavirus, Flavivirus, Coronavirus, Hepevirus, Calicivirus, Picornavirus

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5
Q

All RNA viruses have single stranded DNA except

A

Reovirus and Rotavirus

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6
Q

All DNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except

A

Influenza and retrovirus

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7
Q

Picornaviridae

A

PERCHed on a PIC

Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, Hepatitis A virus, PICornaviridae

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8
Q

Naked nucleocapsid w/ single stranded positive polarity RNA

Replicates in motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord causing paralysis

A

Poliovirus

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9
Q

Most clinical form of Poliovirus

A

Abortive poliomyelitis

Others:
Nonparalytic poliomyelitis - aseptic meningitis
Paralytic poliomyelitis - flaccid paralysis; permanent motor nerve damage

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10
Q

Prevention of poliovirus

A

Killed (Salk IPV)

Live, attenuated (Sabin OPV)

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11
Q

Fever, sorethroat, and tender vesicles in oropharynx

A

Herpangina

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12
Q

Vesicular rash on hands and feet and ulcerations in the mouth

A

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

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13
Q

MC viral cause of myocarditis and pericarditis

A

Coxsackie virus

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14
Q

MC viral cause of endocarditis

A

Enteroviruses

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15
Q

MCC of aseptic meningitis

A

Enteroviruses

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16
Q

Another term of echovirus

A

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan

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17
Q

MCC of common colds

A

Rhinovirus

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18
Q

Enterovirus 72

A

Hepatitis A

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19
Q

Most important test for Hepatitis A

A

anti-HAV IgM

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20
Q

Caliciviridae

A 
Hepatitis E 
Norwalk virus (Norovirus)
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21
Q

Highest mortality of Hepatitis E

A

Pregnant women

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22
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

A

Influenza virus

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23
Q

Enveloped virus with a HELICAL nucleocapsid and segmented, ss negative RNA w/c may cause pandemics and epidemics

A

Influenza virus

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24
Q

Influenza type w/c causes pandemics

A

Influenza A

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25
Influenza type w/c causes major outbreaks (epidemics) | Only a human virus and there are no animal sources of new RNA segments
Influenza B
26
Influenza type w/c causes mild respiratory tract infection but does not cause outbreaks of influenza
Influenza C
27
2 major antigens of Influenza
Hemagglutinin (H) | Neuraminidase (N)
28
Antigen that binds to cell surface receptor (neuraminic acid, sialic acid) to initiate infection of the cell Target of neurtralizing antibody
Hemagglutinin
29
Cleaves neuraminic acid (sialic acid) to release progeny virus from the infected cell Also degrades the protective layer of mucus in the respiratory tract -> enhances access to the respiratory epithelial cells
Neuraminidase
30
Causes major changes on the reassortment of segments of the genome RNA SUDDEN change in the molecular structure of a microorganism -> new strains -> little or no acquired immunity to these NOVEL strain -> new epidemics or pandemics
Antigenic Shift
31
Causes minor changes base on mutation in the genome of RNA SLOW and PROGRESSIVE change in the antigenic composition of microorganisms -> altered immunological responses and susceptibility
Antigenic Drift
32
DOC of Influenza
Oseltamivir or Zanamivir | Amantadin or rimantadine for Influenza A
33
Paramyxoviridae
``` PaRaMyxoviruses Parainfluenza virus RSV Measles virus Mumps virus ```
34
Cardinal manifestation of Measles
3Cs | Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis Koplik spots
35
Complication caused by measles
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) or Damson Disease
36
Vitamin given to reduce severity of measles
Vitamin A
37
Manifestations of Mumps
Mumps makes your parotids and testes as big as POM-poms | Parotitis, Orchitis, Meningitis (aseptic)
38
What are the surface spikes of RSV
Fusion proteins
39
DOC for RSV
ribavirin
40
Characterized by inspiratory stridor, cough, and hoarseness | Disease caused by Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2
Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP)
41
Xray finding in Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP)
Steeple sign
42
DOC for Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP)
Racemic epinephrine
43
BULLET shaped enveloped virus with a helical nucleocapsid and one piece of SS, negative polarity RNA
Rhabdoviridae | Rabies virus
44
virus that multiplies locally at bite site, infects sensory neurons and moves by axonal transport to CNS
Rabies virus
45
HP findings of Rabies
Negri bodies
46
Enveloped virus with helical nucleocapsid and one piece of SS positive polarity with a prominent club shaped spikes
Corona virus
47
Atypical pneumonia rapidly progressing to ARDS due to the virus binding to ACE-2 receptor CXray- non cavitary ground glass infiltrates
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
48
Enveloped virus with ICOSAHEDRAL nucleocapsid and 1 piece of SS, positive polarity RNA
Dengue virus
49
Main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
Hepatitis C
50
Togaviridae
Rubella virus
51
Manifestations of Congenital Rubella
``` 5Bs of Congenital Rubella Syndrome Bulag (cataracts) Bingi (sensory neural deafness) Bobo (MR) Butas ang puso (PDA) Blueberry muffin baby ```
52
RNA virus distinguished from all other RNA viruses by presence of an enzyme, reverse transcriptase w/c converts a single stranded RNA viral genome into double stranded viral DNA
Retroviridae
53
Enveloped virus with 2 copies (diploid) or a single stranded; positive polarity RNA genome
Human immunodeficiency virus
54
Structural genes of HIV
Gap - p24, p7 (nucleocapsid) P17 (matrix) Pol- reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase Env- gp120, gp41
55
Gag protein in HIV used as a serologic marker of infection
p24
56
ENV gene in HIV w/c interacts with CD4 receptor and best target for antibody
gp120
57
Regulatory gene in HIV used in activation of transcription of viral genes
tat gene
58
Regulatory gene in HIV used to transport late mRNAs to cytoplasm
rev gene
59
Regulatory gene in HIV that decreases CD4 and class I MHC proteins
nef gene
60
Definitive test for HIV
Western blot analysis
61
Treatment for HIV
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) - 2 nucleoside inhibitors (Zidovudine & lamivudine) - Protease inhibitor (indinavir)
62
Retrovirus causing adult T-cell leukemia | HP: malignant T cells w/ flower shaped nucleus
Human T cell Lymphotropic virus (HTLV)
63
Thread like viruses | longest virus
Ebola virus | Ebola hemorrhagic fever
64
Flavivirus w/c initially cause self limited febrile illness that may progress to neuroinvasive disease
West nile virus | bird-mosquito-man cycle
65
Flavivirus w/c is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and causes thalamic infarcts on CT scan
Japanese B encephalitis
66
RNA virus that replicates in the anterior | horn of spinal cord causing paralysis
Poliovirus

Microbiology (10 decks)

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