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Microbiology > Gram Negativ Organisms > Flashcards

Gram Negativ Organisms Flashcards

0
Q

Where is enterobacter is normally found?

A

Normal flora of the digestive system

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1
Q

What shape and gram is enterobacter?

A

G (-) rods

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2
Q

Is enterobacter anaerobic, facultative, or aerobic?

A

Facultative anaerobes

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3
Q

What does enterohenorrhagic e. Coli do?

A

Has fimbrae that attach to human intestines and produce a toxin that causes hemorrhagic colitis

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4
Q

What are three symptoms of hemorrhagic colitis?

A

Bleeding, diarrhea, hemolytic uremia syndrome

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5
Q

Where does enterohenorrhagic E. coli come from? 3

A

Meat, unpasteurized juices, alfalfa sprouts

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6
Q

What is enterotoxigenic E. coli and what does it produce? 4

A

Enterotoxin that produces water diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration

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7
Q

What causes travelers diarrhea?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

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8
Q

What are two diseases caused by salmonella?

A

Salmonellosis and salmonella gastroenteritis

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9
Q

What are the two major infectious groups of salmonella?

A

Septic and enteric

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10
Q

What is septic salmonella? 4

A

Invasive, high mortality rate, caused by s. Typhumurium/Dublin

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11
Q

What is enteric salmonellosis?

A

Effect intestinal tract, causing diarrhea and dehydration

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12
Q

What are antibiotics not very effective against and treatment consists if oral rehydration?

A

Salmonella

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13
Q

What are 5 ways to get salmonella?

A

Poultry, eggs, reptiles, vegtables, peanut butter

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14
Q

What does salmonella typhi cause?

A

Typhoid fever

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15
Q

How would you treat salmonella typhi?

A

Antibiotics

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16
Q

What are 5 symptoms of salmonella?

A

104 fever, ulcerative liesions of lymphoid tissues lining small intestine, abdominal tenderness, diarrhea, vomiting

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17
Q

What is klebsiella? Gram and shape

A

G(-) rod

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18
Q

What are three things k. Pneumoniae can cause?

A

Pneumonia, mastitis, septicemia

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19
Q

What does shigella flexneri cause?

A

Severe intestinal infections in primates

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20
Q

Where can you find serratia?

A

Soil

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21
Q

What are three symptoms of serratia?

A

Pneumonia, septicemia, mastitis

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22
Q

What shape and gram is pseudomonas?

A

G(-) rod

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23
Q

Is pseudomonas aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative?

A

Aerobic

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24
Q

Where is pseudomonas found?

A

Water and soil

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25
Q

Why is pseudomonas aeriginosa hard to get rid of?

A

Can use anything for its carbon source

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26
Q

What is pseudomonas dermatitis?

A

Self limiting rash that lasts two weeks

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27
Q

Where is pseudomonas dermatitis often found?

A

Swimming pools

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28
Q

What is Otis externa?

A

Painful chronic external ear canal infection

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29
Q

What causes Otis externa?

A

Pseudomonas aeriginosa

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30
Q

Who can pseudomonas aeriginosa seriously effect?

A

Burn patients

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31
Q

What has some treatment effect against pseudomonas aeriginosa?

A

Fluroquinolones

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32
Q

Is brucella positive or negative rod or cocci?

A

Negative rod

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33
Q

Is brucella motile or not?

A

No

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34
Q

How does brucella abortus travel? 2

A

Via the blood stream and lymphatic system

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35
Q

Where does brucella like to grow?

A

Intracellular

36
Q

What does brucella abortus effect?

A

Livestock

37
Q

What are three reservoirs for brucella?

A

Wild elk, bison, and dogs

38
Q

Which disease has been virtually eliminated from the US?

A

Brucella abortus

39
Q

What are three symptoms of brucellosis?

A

Undulant fever, chills, malaise

40
Q

How can brucella abortus be transmitted?

A

Unpasteurized milk

41
Q

How does brucella abortus enter he body?

A

Abrasions and mucous membranes

42
Q

What happens once brucella abortus is in the body?

A

Ingested by macrophages and travels via circulatory system

43
Q

What is the treatment for brucellosis abortus?

A

Tetracycline/streptomycin

44
Q

What does vibrio cholerae look like? Gram and shape

A

Slightly curved gram negative rod

45
Q

What is cholerae reservoir?

A

Shellfish

46
Q

Where does cholera come from?

A

Food or water borne

47
Q

How can cholera be spread?

A

Fecal contamination

48
Q

What bacteria adheres to the intestinal lining without invading the cells?

A

Cholera

49
Q

What does cholera produce?

A

Coleragen

50
Q

What does coleragen do?

A

Stimulates GI epithelial cells to hyper secrete water and chloride ions

51
Q

What are three symptoms of coleragen/cholera

A

Severe dehydration, profuse diarrhea, increased TP

52
Q

How much water can you loose from cholera?

A

10-15 liters

53
Q

What is the drug of choice for cholera?

A

Tetracycline

54
Q

If left untreated how fatal is cholera?

A

50%

55
Q

How fatal is it if treated?

A

15%

56
Q

What does francisella tularensis cause?

A

Tularemia

57
Q

What is francisella tularensis? positive, negative, aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic and shape?

A

Small, facultative anaerobe, pleomorphic

58
Q

Is tularemia productive or negative?

A

Negative rod

59
Q

When is tularemia most commonly aquired?

A

Skin breaks, inhalation, ingestion

60
Q

What are three symptoms if tulerimia?

A

Localized infection, enlarged lymph nodes, filled with pus, septicemia, pneumonia, abscesses

61
Q

What happens once people are exposed naturally to tularemia and recovered?

A

Perminently immunity

62
Q

What are the two drugs of choice for tularemia?

A

Streptomycin or gentamicin

63
Q

What is pasteurellosis multicoda?

A

G(-) rod

64
Q

What animals can harbor pasteurellosis multicoda?

A

wild and domesticated

65
Q

What does pasteurellosis multocida cause?

A

Septicemia

66
Q

How is pasteurellosis transmitted?

A

Animal bites

67
Q

What are four symptoms of pasteurellosis?

A

Localized with severe swelling and pains with acute onset

68
Q

What are the two drug of choice for pasteurellosis?

A

Penicillin and tetracycline

69
Q

What bacteria causes cat scratch fever?

A

Bartonella henselae

70
Q

What is bartonella hensalae? E

A

Aerobic, gram - rod

71
Q

Where is bartonella henselae normally found?

A

On cats and in their saliva

72
Q

What are four symptoms of cat scratch fever?

A

Swollen lymph nodes, malaise, fever, endocarditis

73
Q

What is the most common cause of diarrheal illness in the Us?

A

Campylobacter jejune

74
Q

How is campylobacter spread?

A

Transmitted via contaminated food or water, or milk

75
Q

What is leptospirosis interrorgans?

A

G(-) spirochete

76
Q

What are 3 symptoms your animal has leptospirosis?

A

Fever, icterus, infertility, abortion

77
Q

How is leptospirosis contracted?

A

Skin abrasion, mucous membranes with urine, water, soil, plants

78
Q

What are two ways to treat leptospirosis?

A

Doxycycline or penicillin (May need IV)

79
Q

What does borrelia burgdorferi cause?

A

G(-) sporochete

80
Q

What are the two spirochete organisms?

A

Lepto and borrelia

81
Q

What is the borrelia burgdorferi reservoir?

A

Wildlife

82
Q

What is the borrelia burgdorferi vector?

A

Tick

83
Q

What are five symptoms of animals with borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Fever, anorexia, swollen lymph nodes, lameness, fatigue

84
Q

How can you prevent Lyme disease?

A

Tick control, insect repellent, keep shrubs away from the house, protective clothing

85
Q

What does yersina pestis cause?

A

Bubonic plague

86
Q

What does the bubonic plague look like?

A

Gram negative rod facultative anaerobe

87
Q

What is the plagues reservoir?

A

Rodents

88
Q

What is the plagues vector?

A

Flea

Microbiology (22 decks)

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