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Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

General characteristics of Gram negative cocci

A

Catalase and Oxidase positive, Gram-negative diplococci, Capnophilic (5-10% CO2)

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2
Q

Fastidious/fragile organisms that are temperature-dependent and inhibited by fatty acid and increased SPS concentrations (0.025%)

A

Neisseria

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3
Q

Gram negative cocci culture should be held at

A

48 to 72 hrs in CO2 incubator before reporting as negative/no growth

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4
Q

Other Neisseria spp. characteristics

A

Environmental isolates, low virulence, associated with opportunistic infections

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5
Q

Reduced recovery for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

> 30 mins delay, use of cotton tip or calcium alginate swab, oil-based lubricant

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6
Q

Epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Spread through sexual contact (including anal, orogenital), mother-to-newborn during birth

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7
Q

Virulence factors for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Pili (T1-T5), Capsule, Endotoxin, Cell membrane proteins I-III, Protein II (Opa): adherence to phagocytic and epithelial cells, Protein II (RMP): blocks IgG, Porin (PorB): counters complements

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8
Q

T1 and T2 strains for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Virulent strains

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9
Q

Recommended fibers for N. gonorrhea recovery

A

Use Dacron or Rayon fibers

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10
Q

Diseases caused by Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Gonococcal arthritis, Purulent urethritis, Prostatitis, Epididymitis, Cervicitis, Pharyngitis, Anorectal gonorrhea, Conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum), Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) causing sterility, ectopic pregnancy, & perihepatitis (Fits-High-Curtis)

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11
Q

Specimens for PCR/NAAT for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Endocervical/urethral swab or urine

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12
Q

Microscopic appearance of Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Kidney-bean or coffee-bean shaped diplococci inside PMN

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13
Q

Transport media for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Amies with charcoal, JEMBEC, Transgrow, Gono-Pack

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14
Q

Selective media for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

GC-LECT agar

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15
Q

Cultural media for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

CAP, TM, MTM, NYC

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16
Q

AST media for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Agar dilution, MHA + 5% defibrinated sheep blood

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17
Q

Presumptive test for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

4+ in Superoxol test (30% H2O2)

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18
Q

Definitive test for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Culture and Carbohydrate utilization (CTA: positive in Glucose only)

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19
Q

Virulent strains of Neisseria meningitidis

A

A, B, C, Y, W-135

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20
Q

Transmission of Neisseria meningitidis

A

From respiratory droplets, close contact (dorms, prisons, shelters)

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21
Q

Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis

A

Pili, Capsule, Endotoxin, IgA protease, Proteins like Por and Opa

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22
Q

Diseases associated with Neisseria meningitidis

A

Acute purulent meningitis, Bacteremia leading to thrombocytopenia, DIC, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, and shock

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23
Q

Specimens for Neisseria meningitidis

A

CSF, Blood, NPS, Skin

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24
Q

Cultural media for Neisseria meningitidis

A

BAP, CAP, TMA

25
Biochemical tests for Neisseria meningitidis
Catalase and Oxidase +, Beta-galactosidase and GGT +
26
CTA results for Neisseria meningitidis
Glucose and Maltose only
27
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Bleeding at adrenal glands
28
Neisseria lactamica pathogenicity
Non-pathogenic Neisseria, low virulence
29
Colony characteristics of Neisseria lactamica
Small and translucent colonies with yellow pigment
30
CTA results for Neisseria lactamica
Lactose, Glucose, Maltose
31
Fermentation and biochemical results for Neisseria lactamica
Lactose fermenter, ONPG +
32
Neisseria sicca pathogenicity
Non-pathogenic Neisseria, low virulence
33
Colony characteristics of Neisseria sicca
Dry wrinkled colonies exhibiting bread crumbs
34
Growth conditions for Neisseria sicca
Grows on BAP and CAP at 25°C
35
CTA results for Neisseria sicca
Sucrose, Glucose, Maltose, Fructose
36
Moraxella catarrhalis colonization sites
Upper respiratory tract and female genitalia
37
Transmission of Moraxella catarrhalis
Through respiratory droplets
38
Beta-lactamase production in Moraxella catarrhalis
BRO-1, BRO-2 are responsible for penicillin resistance
39
Diseases caused by Moraxella catarrhalis
Sinusitis, Otitis media, Upper respiratory infection, Pneumonia
40
Colony characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis
Hockey-puck or old Wagon wheel appearance
41
Biochemical tests for Moraxella catarrhalis
DNAse +, Beta-lactamase +, Butyrate +
42
Growth conditions for Moraxella catarrhalis
Can grow on Nutrient agar
43
Metabolism of Moraxella catarrhalis CTA
Asaccharolytic
44
Carbohydrate utilization medium for
Cystine Trypticase Soy Agar
45
Reagent used for carbohydrate utilization in
1% carbohydrate
46
Indicator used in carbohydrate utilization test for
Phenol Red
47
Incubation conditions for carbohydrate utilization test of
35-37°C for 24-72 hours in ambient air
48
Positive result for carbohydrate utilization test in
Yellow color
49
Negative control for carbohydrate utilization test of
Uninoculated CTA tube
50
Rapid ID of M. catarrhalis
Butyrate/Tributyrin test
51
Principle of Butyrate/Tributyrin test
Disk of Bromo-Chlor-indolyl butyrate + butyrate esterase → Indoxyl
52
Incubation for Butyrate/Tributyrin test
22-25°C - 5 minutes
53
Positive QC for Butyrate/Tributyrin
Blue/Indigo (M. catarrhalis)
54
Negative QC for Butyrate/Tributyrin test
No color change (N. gonorrhoeae)
55
Purpose of GGT or GGAP
ID of N. meningitidis
56
Principle of GGT or GGAP
Gamma-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA) + Gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase (GGT/GGAP) → p-Nitroaniline
57
Incubation of GGT or GGAP
35-37°C - 4 hours
58
Positive QC for GGT or GGAP
Yellow (N. meningitidis)
59
Negative QC for GGAP or GGT
No color change (M. catarrhalis)

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

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