Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BACTERIOLOGY > Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and similar organisms > Flashcards

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and similar organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and similar organisms

A

Gram-positive cocci in pairs or chains, Catalase and Oxidase negative, Facultative anaerobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classification of Streptococcus based on Rebecca Lancefield grouping

A

All except S. pneumoniae and Viridans group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most common infection caused in human is caused by

A

Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pyogenic classification according to Academic/Bergey’s

A

Grows at 37°C only: S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Viridans classification according to Academic/Bergey’s

A

Grows at 37°C and 45°C: S. mutans, S. mitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lactic classification according to Academic/Bergey’s

A

Grows at 10°C and 37°C: S. lactis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enterococcus classification according to Academic/Bergey’s

A

Grows at 10°C, 37°C, and 45°C: E. faecalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lancefield Grouping: Pyogenic

A

Group A: S. pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lancefield Grouping: Viridans

A

Group B: S. agalactiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lancefield Grouping: Lactic

A

Group C, G: S. dysgalactiae, S. equi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lancefield Grouping: Enterococcus

A

Group D: Enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Smith and Brown Hemolysis: Pyogenic

A

Alpha-hemolytic: S. pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Smith and Brown Hemolysis: Viridans

A

Beta-hemolytic: S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Smith and Brown Hemolysis: Gamma-hemolytic

A

Gamma-hemolytic: S. bovis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Group A Streptococcus species

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathogenic features of S. pyogenes

A

Always pathogenic, M protein (responsible for sequelae and binds Factor H), Protein F (epithelial cell attachment via fibronectin binding), Hyaluronic acid (inhibits phagocytosis), C5a peptidase (destroys chemotactic factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Characteristic that is oxygen labile, Antigenic, Subsurface hemolysis (stab)

A

Streptolysin O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics that is oxygen stable, Non-antigenic, Surface hemolysis (streak)

A

Streptolysin S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Other enzymes and toxins of S. pyogenes

A

DNase, Streptokinase (dissolves clots), Hyaluronidase, Pyrogenic exotoxin (causes Scarlet fever, erysipelas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Causative agent of acute pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, scarlet fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

A

S. pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Post-streptococcal sequelae of S. pyogenes

A

Rheumatic fever, Acute glomerulonephritis (Bright’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Critical value in wounds

A

Presence of S. pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diagnostic tests 0.040 U Bacitracin (Taxo A sensitive), PYR test (+, cinnamaldehyde), ASO titer, Dick’s test (susceptibility, reddish reaction), Schulz-Charlton test (immunity, anti-toxin)

A

S. pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rheumatic fever mechanism

A

Antibody cross-reactivity of M protein to heart muscle (M protein Class I)

25
Acute glomerulonephritis mechanism
Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in glomeruli (M protein Class I or II)
26
Signs and symptoms of Rheumatic fever
Fever, endocarditis, subcutaneous nodules, polyarthritis
27
Signs and symptoms of Acute Glomerulonephritis
Edema, hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria (Bright's disease, HS Type III)
28
Group B Streptococcus species
Streptococcus agalactiae
29
Normal flora percentage for S. agalactiae
10-30% of women
30
Key infections caused by S. agalactiae
Neonatal meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, respiratory distress, lethargy
31
Virulence factor for S. agalactiae
Capsule, Activation of complement
32
Laboratory diagnosis of S. agalactiae
CAMP test, Hippurate test (+), LIM, Todd-Hewitt, Granada, Carrot medium, CSF latex agglutination
33
Group C Streptococcus species
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and others
34
Normal flora locations for Group C Streptococcus
Skin, nasopharynx, GI, genital tract
35
Infections caused by Group C Streptococcus
Pharyngitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, rheumatic fever, AGN
36
Hemolysis type for Group C Streptococcus
β-Hemolytic
37
Group D Enterococcus species
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
38
Virulence factors for Enterococcus spp.
Biofilms, Adhesins, Cytolysin, Hemolysin, Peptide inhibitors
39
Infections caused by Enterococcus spp.
UTI, bacteremia, wound infections, abdominal region infections
40
Lab tests for Enterococcus spp.
Positive in Bile esculin, 6.5% NaCl tolerance, and PYRase; grows on Enterococcosel agar
41
Streptococcus pneumoniae morphology
Encapsulated bullet/lancet-shaped diplococci
42
Infections caused by S. pneumoniae
Meningitis, CA-Pneumonia, Otitis media, Endocarditis
43
Lab tests for S. pneumoniae
Optochin sensitive, Bile solubility, Neufeld quelling, CSF latex agglutination, Urine antigen test
44
Colony morphology of S. pneumoniae
Alpha-hemolytic, mucoidal, umbilicate colonies
45
Viridans Streptococci normal flora
Oral cavity, GI tract, female genitals
46
Infections caused by Viridans Streptococci
Subacute endocarditis (S. sanguis), pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis (S. salivarius), dental caries (S. mutans, S. sobrinus)
47
Lab features of Viridans Streptococci
Alpha-hemolytic, butterscotch smell on CAP, LAP positive, PYR negative
48
Gemella haemolysans morphology
Decolorizes easily, may appear as Gram-negative cocci
49
Infections caused by Gemella haemolysans
Endocarditis, meningitis, brain abscess, ocular infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis
50
Hemolysis type of Gemella haemolysans
Alpha or Non-hemolytic
51
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella spp. requirements
Cysteine and pyridoxal (Vitamin B6)
52
Lab features for Abiotrophia/Granulicatella spp.
Do not grow on BAP; use CAP with pyridoxal disk, cross-streak with S. aureus, or supplemented Vitamin B6
53
Aerococcus urinae infections
UTI
54
Lab features of Aerococcus urinae
Positive in Hippurate and 6.5% NaCl tolerance; Negative in Bile esculin and PYR
55
Leuconostoc and Pediococcus features
Low virulence, intrinsic vancomycin resistance
56
Infections caused by Leuconostoc/Pediococcus spp.
Bacteremia, UTI, wounds, isolated from sterile fluids
57
Lab feature differentiating Leuconostoc and Pediococcus
Pediococcus is LAP positive, Leuconostoc is LAP negative
58
Helcococcus spp. infections
Bacteremia, empyema, prosthetic joint infections, skin/soft tissue infections (mostly foot infections)
59
Lab features of Helcococcus spp.
Lipophilic, Vancomycin sensitive, PYR positive, LAP negative

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions