MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX Flashcards
(48 cards)
Mycobacterium spp general characteristics
Acid-fast bacilli (with Mycolic acid), Aerobic, Agents of pulmonary and skin diseases
Tuberculosis high-risk groups
Poor, homeless, IV drug users, alcoholics, elderly
Pulmonary TB symptoms
Productive cough, hemoptysis, low-grade fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss
CXR findings for Pulmonary TB
Formation of Gohn lesion with granulomas/hard tubercles, giant cells (cellular fusion with multiple nuclei)
Spread of TB
Through lymphatic or blood causing Meningeal, Miliary, or Disseminated tuberculosis (common in immunocompromised)
Latent tuberculosis characteristics
No symptoms, no active disease, not transmissible
Pott’s disease
Tuberculosis spondylitis/skeletal tuberculosis (bone TB)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin), Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium mungi, Mycobacterium orygis, Mycobacterium canettii, Mycobacterium pinnipedii
Biosafety Level for Acid-fast smears and culture for NON-aerosolizing procedures
Biosafety Level 2
Biosafety Level for manipulation with aerosolizing procedures, opening centrifuge vial, adding reagents to biochemical tests, molecular tests, and sonication. After aerosolizing procedures, stand specimen for 15 minutes
Biosafety Level 3
Niacin Nitrate reduction Pyrazinamidase positive Mycobacteria
M. tuberculosis
Urease positive, T2H/TCH resistant Mycobacteria
M. tuberculosis
Urease positive, T2H/TCH sensitive Mycobacteria
M. bovis
Specimen for tuberculosis diagnosis DOH sputum
2 samples
Specimen for tuberculosis diagnosis according to Bailey
3 samples – each are 8 hours apart
Specimen of choice for mycobacterium for <12 years old
Gastric lavage
Specimen for immunocompromised individuals Mycobacteria
3 consecutive First-morning midstream clean catch urine, Stool (AIDS, M. avium complex = Immunocompromised patients)
Tissue samples (incubated at 35°C and 30°C) anticoagulants for M. tuberculosis
SPS, Heparin, or Citrate Blood culture, and CSF (tubercular meningitis - pellicle)
Digestion-Decontamination method 1 for Mycobacterium
NaOH method – 2-4% NaOH, both decontaminant and digestant
Digestion-Decontamination method 2 for Mycobacterium
Zephiran-Trisodium phosphate method
Digestion-Decontamination method 3 for Mycobacterium
NALC-NaOH method – most commonly used for TB specimen processing; used in MGIT 960
Reagent for TB specimen shelf life
1% Cetylpyridinium chloride – prolongs shelf life of sputum sample for up to 8 days
Reagent for decontamination of thin samples like Urine
Sulfuric acid – Decontaminant for thin samples like Urine
Reagent used for cystic fibrosis patients
Chlorhexidine – used for patients with cystic fibrosis (M. abscessus)