Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria

Question 1

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria characteristics group 1

Answer 1

Photochromogens (10 – 21 days growth rate)

Question 2

Color production of photochromogens group 1

Answer 2

Cream/Buff in dark, Yellow to orange after light exposure

Question 3

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria characteristics group 2

Answer 3

Scotochromogens (10 – 21 days growth rate)

Question 4

Color production of scotochromogens group 2

Answer 4

Yellow to orange in dark and after light exposure

Question 5

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria characteristics group 3

Answer 5

Nonphotochromogens (10 – 21 days growth rate)

Question 6

Color production of nonphotochromogens group 3

Answer 6

Cream/buff in dark and after light exposure

Question 7

Characteristics of NTM group 4

Answer 7

Rapid growers (3-7 days)

Question 8

Color production of rapid growers group 4

Answer 8

Varying pigments in dark and after light exposure

Question 9

Runyoun Group I (Photochromogens) Mycobacteria species

Answer 9

marinum, asiaticum, kansasii, branderi, intermedium, nebraskense

Question 10

Runyoun Group 2 (Scotochromogens) Mycobacteria species

Answer 10

gordonae, scrofulaceum, szulgai, europaeum, interjectum, heckeshornense, lentiflavum

Question 11

Runyoun Group 3 (Nonphotochromogens) Mycobacteria species

Answer 11

avium complex, celatum, genavense, shimoidei, simiae, terrae complex, xenopi, ulcerans, lacus, malmonse, haemophilium

Question 12

Runyoun Group 4 (Rapid growers) Mycobacteria species

Answer 12

abscessus, fortuitum, chelonae

Question 13

Mycobacterium associated with freshwater and saltwater; associated with fish and breaks in skin. Positive for Tween 80 Hydrolysis, Urease, Pyrazinamide. Optimum growth temperature: 28-32°C

Answer 13

M. marinum

Question 14

Mycobacterium associated with Cutaneous disease (Swimming pool granuloma), bacteremia

Answer 14

M. marinum

Question 15

Mycobacterium associated with tropical environmental water (primarily in Australia); disease associated with pulmonary disease, bursitis, tenosynovitis

Answer 15

M. asiaticum

Question 16

Mycobacterium found in tap water; more common in white males. Positive for nitrate, catalase, tellurite reduction, and Tween 80 Hydrolysis; associated with Chronic pulmonary disease, cervical lymphadenitis, cutaneous disease

Answer 16

M. kansasii

Question 17

Environmental isolate associated with pulmonary disease and ulcerative tenosynovitis

Answer 17

M. branderi

Question 18

Environmental water isolate associated with pulmonary and cutaneous disease

Answer 18

M. intermedium

Question 19

Skin infection in dogs; associated with pulmonary and cutaneous disease

Answer 19

M. nebraskense

Question 20

Mycobacterium found in fresh/tap water (pipeline, laboratory faucet). Positive for Catalase and Tween 80 hydrolysis

Answer 20

M. gordonae

Question 21

Mycobacterium associated with pulmonary pneumonitis and other hypersensitivity lung diseases affecting immunocompromised patients

Answer 21

M. gordonae

Question 22

Mycobacterium associated with raw milk, dairy products, soil; causes cervical adenitis in children, pulmonary, and skin infections

Answer 22

M. scrofulaceum

Question 23

Mycobacterium found in water and soil; associated with pulmonary disease and lymphadenitis

Answer 23

M. szulgai

Question 24

Mycobacterium colonizer; associated with pulmonary disease and lymphadenitis

Answer 24

M. europaeum

Question 25

Mycobacterium with unknown source; associated with chronic lymphadenitis and polyangiitis

Answer 25

M. interjectum

Question 26

Mycobacterium environmental isolate; associated with pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis, and tenosynovitis

Answer 26

M. heckeshornense

Question 27

Mycobacterium found in environmental water; associated with pulmonary disease, spondylodiscitis, and frequently with cystic fibrosis

Answer 27

M. lentiflavum

Question 28

Mycobacterium environmental isolate; positive for Tellurite reduction and Pyrazinamidase. Patients without AIDS: Pulmonary infections, Lymphadenitis; M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne disease in cattle, sheep, goats. Patients with AIDS: Disseminated disease

Answer 28

M. avium complex

Question 29

Mycobacterium with unknown source; associated with coinfection in immunocompromised patients with HIV

Answer 29

M. celatum

Question 30

Mycobacterium found in pets (Parrot, Parakeet, Dogs); Tap water isolate; associated with disseminated disease in AIDS patients

Answer 30

M. genavense

Question 31

Mycobacterium environmental isolate; associated with tuberculosis-like pulmonary infection

Answer 31

M. shimoidei

Question 32

Mycobacterium found in tap water and hospital tanks; associated with tuberculosis-like pulmonary infection

Answer 32

M. simiae

Question 33

Mycobacterium found in aquatic environments; associated with pulmonary disease and tenosynovitis

Answer 33

M. terrae complex

Question 34

Mycobacterium found in hot water taps in hospitals; optimum growth temperature: 28-32°C; associated with pulmonary infections

Answer 34

M. xenopi

Question 35

Mycobacterium found in stagnant tropical waters and aquatic insects; positive for heat-stable catalase; 3rd most common mycobacterial disease; causes indolent cutaneous and subcutaneous infections (African Buruli ulcer or Australian Bairnsdale ulcer)

Answer 35

M. ulcerans

Question 36

Mycobacterium with unknown source; associated with bursitis with caseating granuloma

Answer 36

M. lacus

Question 37

Mycobacterium found in armadillos; associated with pulmonary infections and lymphadenitis

Answer 37

M. malmoense

Question 38

Mycobacterium with unknown source; optimum growth is 28-30°C, requires hemin/hemoglobin; associated with skin and pulmonary infections

Answer 38

M. haemophilum

Question 39

Mycobacterium responsible for 80% of pulmonary disease caused by Runyon Group 4; associated with disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients, healthcare infections, and cystic fibrosis

Answer 39

M. abscessus

Question 40

Mycobacterium found in environmental sources like water, soil, and dust; associated with postoperative infections in breast augmentation and median sternotomy, as well as pulmonary infections

Answer 40

M. fortuitum

Question 41

Mycobacterium associated with keratitis, infections of the skin, soft tissue, postoperative wounds; found in environmental sources like water, soil, and dust

Answer 41

M. chelonae

Question 42

Mycobacterium leprae main reservoir

Answer 42

Humans

Question 43

Mycobacterium leprae causes

Answer 43

Leprosy (Hansen disease)

Question 44

Silent phase of Mycobacterium leprae infection

Answer 44

Multiplication in skin macrophages

Question 45

Intermediate phase of Mycobacterium leprae infection

Answer 45

Multiplication in peripheral nerves

Question 46

Localized form of Mycobacterium leprae infection

Answer 46

Tuberculoid leprosy (Skin lesions and damaged nerves, Lepromin skin test positive)

Question 47

Disseminated form of Mycobacterium leprae infection

Answer 47

Lepromatous leprosy (Facial and nasal deformities, Lepromin skin test negative)

Question 48

Routine diagnosis for Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 48

Clinical manifestations, hypopigmented skin lesions, peripheral nerves, AFB-positive skin smear

Question 49

Appearance of M. leprae under the microscope

Answer 49

Cigarette packet or picket fence arrangement

Question 50

Ability to grow M. leprae in vitro

Answer 50

NOT cultivable in regular media (in vitro)

Question 51

Where M. leprae can be cultivated in vivo

Answer 51

Footpads of armadillo or mice

Question 52

Acid-fast properties of M. leprae compared to other Mycobacteria

Answer 52

Not as acid-fast; uses 10% sulfuric acid as a weaker decolorizer compared to 1% acid-ethanol

Question 53

Biochemical test positive for M. leprae

Answer 53

Phenolase test positive

Question 54

Special stain used for M. leprae

Answer 54

Fite-Faraco stain

Question 55

Molecular test for M. leprae

Answer 55

Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) on blood, tissue, or urine