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Medical Microbiology > Gram Negative Pathogens (Neiserria and Enterics) > Flashcards

Gram Negative Pathogens (Neiserria and Enterics) Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F. Neisseria is G+.

A

False. G-

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2
Q

T/F. Neisseria exists as staphylococci.

A

False. Diplococci

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3
Q

T/F. Neisseria is aerobe.

A

False. Facultative anaerobe

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4
Q

T/F. Neisseria optimally grows in high O2 conditions.

A

False. Facultative anaerobe; optimal growth at high Co2 conditions

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5
Q

How do you differentiate N. meningitidis and N. gonorrheae?

A

N. meningitidis is a maltose and glucose fermenter

N. gonorrheae is a glucose fermenter only

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6
Q

T/F. N. meningitidis is part of the normal flora.

A

True. Accounting to 5% of the normal flora

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7
Q

T/F. N. meningitidis causes what characteristics diseases?

A

Meningitis and septicemia

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8
Q

N. meningitidis is spread via what infectious medium?

A

Respiratory secretions

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9
Q

The endotoxin associated with N. meningitidis is in the form of?

A

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

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10
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with N. meningitidis?

A

Pilus for adherence
Capsule
Endotoxin (LPS)
IgA Protease

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11
Q

Among the virulence factors of N. meningitidis, which provides capacity for adherence?

A

Pilus

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12
Q

Symptoms of N. meningitidis-induced meningitis:

A

fever
petechial rash
stick neck
lethargy
vomiting

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13
Q

Symptoms of N. meningitidis-induced septicemia:

A

fever
petechial rash
hypotension

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14
Q

Petechial rash appears to be associated with Neisseria infection. This condition is due to?

A

Destruction of the blood vessels caused by the LPS endotoxin in N. meningitidis

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15
Q

Treatment for N. meningitidis infection?

A

Penicilin G
rifampin
ceftriaxone
ciprofloxacin
Vaccine

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16
Q

T/F. Neisseria species are rods species.

A

False. Cocci

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17
Q

Culture medium for Neisseria isolation

A

Chocolate agar - supports fastidious nature of N species

Thayer- Martin VCN media - selective media against G+, other G- (esp rods), and fungi

V - vancomycin - against G+
C - Colistin - against other G-, esp G- rods
N - Nystatin - against fungi

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18
Q

What populations are particularly susceptible to N. meningitidis infection?

A

Neonates susceptible
Army recruits - coming from different places
Freshmen in dorms - coming from different place

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19
Q

What is the 2nd most common STD?

A

Gonorrhea

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20
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with N. gonorrheae?

A

Pilus
PorA and PorB (outer membrane porins)
Opa proteins

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21
Q

Of the virulence factors of N. gonorrheae, which allows invasion into epithelial cells?

A

PorA and PorB

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22
Q

Of the virulence factors of N. gonorrheae, which provides both adherence and invasion functions?

A

opa proteins

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23
Q

What is the primary presentation of N. gonorrheae infection in males?

A

urethritis

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24
Q

What is the primary presentation of N. gonorrheae infection in females?

A

cervical gonorrhea which may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease

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25
What presentation of N. gonorrheae infection is common among males and females?
gonoccocal bacteremia and septic arthritis
26
What is the primary presentation of N. gonorrheae infection in neonates?
opthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis)
27
Treatment for N. gonorrheae (general population):
Ceftriaxone, cefixime, gentamicin
28
Treatment for N. gonorrheae (neonates):
erythromycin eyedrops and syrup for prophylaxis against N. gonorrheae and concurrent chlamydial infection
29
When diagnosing N. meningitidis, inoculum may be derived from?
CSF or petechial scrapings
30
T/F. Complete immunity can be developed after initial infection by N. gonorrheae making subsequent reinfection impossible.
False. No immunity; reinfection is possible
31
T/F. Enterobacteriaceae species are very common and are part of the normal gut microflora or may cause GI infections.
True.
32
How many genera are classified under Enterobacteriaceae?
63 genera
33
How many species of Enterobacteriaceae is considered clinically significant?
20-25 species
34
T/F. Enterobacteriaceae are G- coccus.
False. G- rods
35
T/F. All Enterobacteriaceae are motile.
False. Some are nonmotile
36
Motile Enterobacteriaceae are associated with having what structures?
A peritrichous flagella
37
T/F. Enterobacteriaceae are facultative anaerobes.
True.
38
T/F. Enterobacteriaceae can undergo glucose fermentation with gas production.
True
39
T/F. Enterobacteriaceae catalase positive.
True
40
T/F. Enterobacteriaceae are oxidase positive.
False. Oxidase negative
41
T/F. Enterobacteriaceae cannot reduce nitrate.
False. Can reduce nitrate to nitrite
42
Colony characteristics of E. coli include:
circular, convex, and smooth colonies
43
T/F. Some strains of E. coli may be hemolytic
True.
44
Colony characteristic of Enterobacter
Mucoid colonies
45
Colony characteristic of Klebsiella
large and mucoid colonies
46
Colony characteristic of Salmonella and Shigella
Colonies like E. coli but do not ferment lactose
47
What are the differential and biochemical tests for Enterobacteriaceae.
IMViC test TSIA in slant/butt tubes Use of differential media, e.g., EMB, MAC, and deoxycholate MPN test
48
Which member of Enterobacteriaceae can ferment lactose and which do not?
E. coli - ferments lactose Salmonella, Shigella, and Pseudomonas do not
49
In Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) is a differential and selective medium. How does it differentiate/selects?
Eosin-Methylene Blue - selects G- bacteria and inhibits G+ Differentiates lactose fermentors (dark colonies) from non fermentors (pale/colorless) E. coli, in particular, appear with characteristic green metallic sheen
50
In TSIA slant/butt test, A/A indicates that
bacterium can ferment all three sugar
51
The Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) contains what sugars allowing test for the capacity of bacteria to ferment these said sugars?
glucose lactose sucrose
52
In TSIA slant/butt test, a crack in the agar indicates
gas production
53
In TSIA slant/butt test, black precipitate indicates
hydrogen sulfide production through reduction of sulfur compounds
54
IMViC is a series of biochemical tests for the characterization of Enterobacteriaceae species and includes
Indole test Methyl red test Voges-Proskauer test Citrat test
55
In TSIA slant/butt test, an A/K result indicates
glucose fermentation only
56
In writing the serotype notation of bacteria, O refers to what antigen?
O antigen component of the LPS of the outer membrane O antigen also provides resistance to alcohol and heat and induces IgM production by host
57
In writing the serotype notation of bacteria, K refers to what antigen?
capsule
58
In writing the serotype notation of bacteria, H refers to what antigen?
Flagella
59
In this type of intestinal invasion by Enterobacteriaceae species, bacteria binds only to the cell and the release of exotoxins (de facto enterotoxins) cause watery diarrhea.
No cell invasion
60
Which member of the Enterobacteriaceae usually performs no cell invasion and causes watery diarrhea?
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli and V. cholerae
61
In this type of intestinal invasion by Enterobacteriaceae species, bacteria binds and invades the intestinal epithelium resulting in host cell death. This type is also associated with systemic immune response by the host.
Invasion of intestinal epithelial cells
62
Which member of the Enterobacteriaceae usually performs invasion of intestinal epithelium.
Enteroinvasive E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella enteritidis
63
In this type of intestinal invasion by Enterobacteriaceae species, bacteria enters and bloodstream and reaches the lymph nodes causing bacteremia, and sepsis.
invasion of lymph nodes and bloodstream
64
Which member of the Enterobacteriaceae usually performs invasion of lymph nodes and bloodstream?
Salmonella typhi; Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni
65
What are the virulence factors associated with E. coli?
Pilus Capsule Exotoxin production (LT, ST, and Shiga-like toxin) Endotoxin (Lipid A) Iron-binding siderophores Hemolysin
66
Among the virulence factors of E. coli, which allows mucosal interaction?
Pilus
67
E. coli exotoxin is in the forms of?
LT (cAMP) and ST (cGMP) toxins Shiga-like toxins (acquired due to sharing of plasmid by Shigella)
68
E. coli endotoxin is in the form of?
Lipid A
69
What are the clinical findings associated with E. coli?
Neonatal meningitis Diarrhea (Montezuma's revenge aka traveller's diarrhea) UTI Sepsis
70
What is the most common cause of UTI?
E. coli
71
What is the virulence factor allowing E. coli to produce urinary tract infection?
Pilus and fimbriae (allows E. coli to travel up the urethra) Hemolysin
72
Clinical findings associated with E. coli induced UTI:
Cystitis Pyelonephritis
73
Symptoms of E. coli induced UTI:
Dysuria - painful or difficult urination Hematuria - blood in urine Pyuria - pus in urine Frequent urination
74
What is the virulence factor allowing E. coli to induce sepsis?
(endo)Toxins
75
T/F. E. coli induced sepsis is usually a primary infection.
False. E. coli induced sepsis is often secondary to UTI
76
What is the most common cause of G- sepsis?
E. coli
77
T/F E. coli induced sepsis generally affects the general population.
False. usually just the immunocompromised and neonates
78
What is the virulence factor allowing E. coli to produce neonatal meningitis?
capsule

Medical Microbiology (9 decks)

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