Viral Pathogens

Question 1

What are the general characteristics of viruses?

Answer 1

They are composed of protein with RNA/DNA genetic material

Lacks a metabolic apparatus

Question 2

The protein coats of virus are known as what?

Answer 2

Capsid

Question 3

Capsids are made of protein subunits called?

Answer 3

Capsomeres

Question 4

T/F. Viruses may be enveloped or naked, and are spiked with surface proteins.

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

T/F. Some viruses that have a lipid outer envelope acquired thereof from the cells they have infected.

Answer 5

True.

Question 6

Viral hosts differ depending on what markers?

Answer 6

Surface proteins and spikes

Question 7

In Family Coronaviridae, virions use what receptor as host entry receptor?

Answer 7

ACE2

Question 8

This Family of viruses uses ACE2 receptor as its host entry receptor.

Answer 8

Coronaviridae

Question 9

What are the types and subtypes of horizontal transmission of pathogenic viruses?

Answer 9

Direct transmission
-fecal oral (smear infection)
-aerogenic (droplet infection)
-intimate contact (mucosa)

Indirect transmission
-Alimentary
-Arthropod vectors
-Parenteral

Question 10

How are enteroviruses, influenza, and Herpes simplex viruses transmitted?

Answer 10

Fecal-oral; aeorgenic; intimate

Question 11

How are Hepatitis A, Yellow fever, and Hepatitis B viruses transmitted?

Answer 11

Alimentary
Arthropod
Parenteral

Question 12

In laboratory diagnostic procedure, the pathogen is grown on a suitable host in cell cultures.

Answer 12

Virus isolation

Question 13

In laboratory diagnostic procedure, viruses or components thereof are detected using serology, molecular biology techniques, and electron microscopy with no precultures required.

Answer 13

Direct virus detection

Question 14

In laboratory diagnostic procedure, assays are carried out for detection of antiviral antibodies using patient serum.

Answer 14

Serodiagnostics

Question 15

What are the burdens of disease associated with viruses?

Answer 15

Significant cause of morbidity and mortality
Vaccinations
Seasonality
Locality

Question 16

This viral infection is also known as rubeola.

Answer 16

Measles

Question 17

What is the causative agent of measles

Answer 17

Paramyxoviruses (Morbilivirus)

Question 18

What is the genetic composition of Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus)?

Answer 18

Single-stranded negative sense RNA virus

Question 19

T/F. Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus) is not an enveloped virus.

Answer 19

False. Enveloped virus

Question 20

T/F. Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus) is highly infectious and humans are the natural reservoir.

Answer 20

True.

Question 21

How is Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus) transmitted?

Answer 21

Via droplets which can be infectious for two hours.

Question 22

What are the signs and symptoms of measles?

Answer 22

Prodrome - cough, coryza (head cold), and conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
Rashes

Question 23

What is the incubation time for Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus)?

Answer 23

1-2 weeks

Question 24

What is the management strategy for measle infection?

Answer 24

Vaccine (MMR)
Supportive interventions

Question 25

This viral disease is caused by Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus). After entry, viremia develops and spread to target organs.

Answer 25

Mumps

Question 26

What is the genetic composition of Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus)?

Answer 26

Single-stranded negative sense RNA virus

Question 27

T/F. Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus) is an enveloped virus.

Answer 27

True.

Question 28

What is the incubation period for mumps?

Answer 28

2-3 weeks

Question 29

What are the signs and symptoms of mumps?

Answer 29

Non-specific symptoms (myalgia, malaise, headache, low-grade fever) Parotitis (swelling of the parotid glands)

Question 30

What are the management strategies for mumps?

Answer 30

Vaccine (MMR) Supportive interventions

Question 31

How is Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus) transmitted?

Answer 31

Droplets

Question 31

This viral disease is caused by Varicella-Zoster virus (herpes virus). Infection starts as viremia, secondary replication in the liver and spleen before spreading to capillaries and epidermis.

Answer 31

Chickenpox

Question 32

What is the genetic composition of Varicella-Zoster virus (herpes)?

Answer 32

Double-stranded DNA.

Question 33

What is the causative agent of chickenpox?

Answer 33

Varicella-Zoster virus (herpes virus)

Question 34

How is Varicella-Zoster virus transmitted?

Answer 34

droplet or contact with lesions

Question 34

T/F. 90% of the patients infected by chickenpox are children.

Answer 34

True.

Question 35

What are the signs and symptoms of chickenpox?

Answer 35

No prodrome Starts with exanthem that spreads Fever, fatigue, and body aches

Question 35

What are the management strategies for chickenpox infection?

Answer 35

Vaccine (MMR) Supportive Acyclovir

Question 36

What is the incubation time for chickenpox?

Answer 36

2-3 weeks

Question 37

This viral infection is transmitted via mosquito bites, and then the virus reproduce in dendritic cells, liver, and endothelium.

Answer 37

Dengue

Question 38

What is the causative agent for Dengue?

Answer 38

Dengue fever virus (Arbovirus)

Question 39

How is dengue fever virus (Arbovirus) transmitted?

Answer 39

Aedes mosquitos

Question 40

Signs and symptoms of dengue fever?

Answer 40

High fever with retro orbital pain Fatigue Cardiomyopathy Thrombocytopenia Possible hemorrhage and shock

Question 41

What are the management strategies for dengue fever?

Answer 41

Vaccine Transfusion Prevention